NO. NAME MATRIC NO.

1. ZULASHRAFF BIN ZULKEFLI CF170095

2. AFIF RIZQIN BIN ABD MALEK CF170063
3. NURSYAKIRIN BINTI MAZLAN CF170028
3. NUR HAFIZA BINTI MD NOOR CF170097
5. NUR SYAHIRAH BINTI AMRAN CF170019
 What is Roof?

• A structure forming the upper covering of a building or

other shelter.
• To provide protection from the elements, but it may also
contribute to safety, security, privacy and insulation.

Its Function?

• To protects occupants from rain, wind and sunlight.

1. Frame Roof
- Located in churches, cottages, homes, and other
structures.

2. Butterfly Roof
- known as an inverted pitch roof.
- Benefit of easily managed way of harvesting
rainwater through the middle channel in the roof.
3. Flat Roof
- The most simple roof to build because
they have little to no pitch.

4. Folded Plate Roof

- The folded plate roof has limited use in
single family homes.
5. Gable Roof
- Have two sloping sides that come
together at a ridge, creating end walls with
a triangular extension.

6. Gambrel Roof
- This design makes maximum use of
space under the roof.
- Most commonly used on barns.
- The benefit of providing a good amount of
space in the attic.
7. Hip Roof
- Are a common residential style roofs.
- Has four sloping sides with zero vertical roof
lines/walls.

8.Mansard Roof
- Similar to a Gambrel roof in that each side of
the roof has multiple gradients.
- Dormer windows are installed on the lower,
steeper slopes of the Mansard roof to aid the
roof’s architecture.
• Term that usually used to describe the overall process or method for identify hazards and risk factors
that
• have the potential to cause harm
• analyze and evaluate the risk associated with that hazard
• to determine appropriate ways to eliminate the hazard
• control the risk when the hazard cannot be eliminated

• Risk assessment is needed when the new processes or activities are introduced

• Risk assessments is important :

• Create awareness of hazards and risk
• Identify who may be at risk such as employees, cleaners, visitors, contractors or the public
• Prevent injuries or illnesses, especially when done at the design or planning stage
• Risk is the determination of likelihood and severity of the credible accident/event sequences in order to
determine magnitude and to priorities identified hazards.

• It can be done by
• Qualitative
• Quantitative
• Semi quantitative

• Severity may be determined by modelling the outcomes of an event or set of events, or by extrapolation
from experimental studies.
• Severity may be expressed in terms of monetary, technical or human impact criteria, or any of the ways.

• The objective of the risk estimation operation is to create a way of arranging risks in the order of
importance and use risk numeric value for making the decision.
• Risk can be presented in variety of ways to communicate the results of analysis to make decision on
risk control.

• For risk analysis that uses likelihood and severity in qualitative method, presenting result in a risk
matrix is a very effective way of communicating the distribution of the risk throughout a plant and
area in a workplace. Risk can be calculated using the following formula:-

L X S = Relative Risk, L = Likelihood, S = Severity

 Maintenance
work

incorrect installation
ladder roofs
placement

SAFETY
Falling
Work HAZARD material
platform
from the
near power
height
line
building/roof

Work under Unguarded

a hot day on work
the roof platform
 Operatin
g the
refurbish
ment
roof
work
HEALTH
HAZAR
Operatin D
wood
g
cutting
machine
• The most critical safety hazard from the HIRACH table is

– unguarded work platform with the risk is 20 that must take the immediate action to control.

– The severity is 5 which is catastrophic and it is the highest level in severity.

– Then for the likelihood is 4 it is always or likely happen at the work place and it is risk for the worker.

– Debris falling such as hammer, nail, and others which will cause the injury of the person under the installation
of safety net is necessary for the safety of the public and employees.

– Falling people can make the body injuries and dead. At the work place the employee must take the action like
existing risk control and recommended control measure such us must install the guardrail.

• The employees must make sure that the structure good in stability. Based on control measure in accordance to the
hierarchy of risk control, the activities can be prevent by Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) which is safety net,
safety belt, safety boot, and safety helmet
• The most critical health hazard is
with the risk of 12 which is at the medium column
that requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies temporary measures
if required.
• Operating the refurbishment roof work can make the worker difficult to breath because
most of the refurbishment work are exposed to the dust.
• Besides that, the causes or the effect from that activity is can occur lung cancer.

• From the risk analysis, the existing risk control is always control the limit the concentration of
asbestos while do a roof work.
• For that activity, the value of likelihood is 3, the severity is 4 so that total risk assessment is
higher which is 12.
• The worker that involve in this activity need to follow the general procedure to deal with an
emergency is the recommended control measure for make sure that they can avoid the risk
at workplace.
Need to eliminate the hazard by undertaking the work from
ground level or redesign can be considered to eliminate the need
for working at height.

Relocation of the equipment need maintenance should be

considered to eliminate the requirement for the operator to enter
the danger zone.

Use barrier or guardrail is the effective way to prevent a fall and

make sure the worker is separate from the hazard.

Operator need to use fall arrest system for prevent fall when it is
used correctly.

Control the environment using signage, demarcation line marking

and operational instruction.
Everyone involved in managing or carrying out work on roofs should be aware of the following facts that almost one in five
deaths in construction relate to roof work.

In conclusion although many of the new general industry fall protection provisions appear similar to those of the
construction regulations

construction contractors must continue to rely on the OSHA rules specific to construction with respect to fall hazards
and control methods.

more measures should be enacted to ensure safe working environments.

Safety and Health need to be emphasized because it effect a lot of good to the employees and the employer.

Employer and employee both have an important roles to maintain a conducive workplace.

always prepare catch platform to catch deflect falling object and avoid injury.

the structure instabilities always need to be checked and given attention to since most accident related to roof works
are always caused by instabilities structure or untrained workers.

always do a double check to plan the emergencies and train all his workers for prevention which may related to work at
unguarded structure which may collapse or working under unsafe condition.