Phyllum Mollusca

Eggy triana putri (192ESG02)

Introduction
Mollusca

 Mollusca is among the largest animal

phyla after Arthropoda
 The named indicated one of
distinctive characters, a soft body
 The largest class of molluscs are
Gastropoda (snail and relative),
Bivalvia (clam, oysters, and others),
Polyplacophora (chiton) and
Chepalopoda (squid, octopus,
nautiluses. Others smaller classes
such as Monoplacophora,
Schapopoda (tusk shells),
Caudofoveata, and Solenagastres.
Figure 1. Cladogram showing hypothetical relationship among class of mollusca
Characteristic of phylum mollusca
Ecological relationship
Occupy a great range of habitat from:
 The tropics to polar seas, fresh water, and teresterial habitat
 high altitude (> 7000m)
 Free living or occasionallt parasitic

lake stream
pond

In mudflats In pounding surface In open ocean

Characteristic of phylum mollusca

Economic Importance
 Valuable as food
 Material for jewelry

Form and fuction

 Body Plan

Head-Foot
(contain sensory organ & muscles)
-Radula
-Foot
Visceral mass
(contain digestive, reproductive, circulatory organ)
-Mantle and Mantle Cavity
-Shell

Figure 2. Generic Mollusc Body Plan

Characteristic of phylum mollusca
• Body bilaterally symmetrical
• Tripoblastic body (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)
• Eucoelomate
• Gas exchange by gills, lungs, mantle, and body surface
• Open circulatory system (heart, blood vessels, and sinuses)
• Most have kidney (metanephridia)
• Nervous system (ventral nerve cords, sensory organ)
• Sensory organ of touch, smell, taste, equilibrium, and vision
• No asexual reproduction
• Digestice system; rasping organ (radula), anus, internal and external ciliary tracts
 Class Gastropoda
(Gr. gaster, stomach, + pous, podos, foot)

• The largest and most diverse class in phylum Mollusca

• Head well developed with radula
• Foot large and flat
• Feeding habit varied as their shapes and habitat
• Respiration is performed by gill, skin, or lung
• Most have single nephiridum (kidney)
• Circulatory and nervous system are well developed
• Nervous system include three pair of ganglia connected
by nerves
• Sense organs include eyes, statocyst, tactile organ, and
chemoreceptor
• Both dioecious and hermaphroditic

Figure 3. Anatomy of pulmonate snail

Class Gastropoda
(Gr. gaster, stomach, + pous, podos, foot)

• Body asymmetrical because of • Body asymmetrical because of

torsion : the body behind the torsion : the body behind the
head was twited 180° degrees head was twited 180° degrees
counterclockwise counterclockwise
Class Gastropoda
(Gr. gaster, stomach, + pous, podos, foot)

Cellana nigrolineata Omphalius rusticus Luria isabella

Homalopoma sangarense Pomacea insularus

 Class Bivalvia
(L. bi, two, + valve, folding door, valve)

• Body enclose with two-lobed

mantle and two shells held
together with a hinge and
strong muscles
• Filter feeder/suspension feeder
• No head, no radula, and very
little chepalization

Figure 4. Tagelus plebius, the stuby razor clam

a. External view of left valve, b. Inside of right shell
 Class Bivalvia
(L. bi, two, + valve, folding door, valve)

• Most of them move by extending their • The reprocution of bivalvia usually separate and
slender muscular foot between the valves external. Sperm and egg release into the water and
and some are sessile larva hatches and develop in the water

Figure 5. Bivalvia locomotion

Figure 6. Bivalvia reproduction

Class Bivalvia
(L. bi, two, + valve, folding door, valve)

Ennucula tenuis Pteria sp.

Chlamys nobilis
 Class Polyplachopora (chiton)
(Gr. polys, many, several + plax, plate, + phora, bearing)

• The largest and most diverse class in phylum

Mollusca
• Dorsoventrally flattened body with reduced head
• Bilaterally symmetrical
• Radula present
• Shell of seven or eight dorsal plates
• Foot broad and flat
• Gills multiple
• Along sides of body between foot and mantle edge
• Sexes usually separate Figure 7. Diagrammatic representation of A, dorsal and B,
ventral surfaces of a chiton
Class Polyplachopora
(Gr. gaster, stomach, + pous, podos, foot)

ischnochiton boninensis cryptoplax japonica

acanthopleura japonica