Mental Health

Lizamarie Campoamor-Olegario
Maxicare Philippines
 Let’s Get
FOCUSED
Breathing in. I know I am breathing in.
Breathing out, I know I am breathing out.
 What is Mental Health?
 "Emotional, behavioral, and social maturity or
normality;
 the absence of a mental or behavioral disorder;
 a state of psychological well-being in which one has
achieved a satisfactory integration of one's instinctual
drives acceptable to both oneself and one's social milieu;
 an appropriate balance of love, work, and leisure
pursuits."
 (Medilexicon’s medical dictionary)
 What is Mental Health?
 "... a state of well-being in which the individual
realizes his or her own abilities,
can cope with the normal stresses of life,
can work productively and fruitfully, and
is able to make a contribution to his or her
community.”
 (WHO)
 We are mentally healthy
when we…
 Feel well, think well, act well
 Realize our own potentials
 Able to cope with normal stresses of life
 Work productively and fruitfully
 Contribute to our community
Factors that Affect
Mental Health
 Support Good Health
 Ensuring a good fit between the job and the person doing the job

 Preparing people well for the work they need to do

 Creating a culture of high expectations along with support

 Having a culture of fairness and equity

 Promoting mental health literacy (how to stay mentally healthy)

 Good communication between managers and staff

 Increasing social connection and opportunities for peer-support.

 Reduce Individual Risk
Factors
 Reducing drug and alcohol misuse

 Support healthy diet and physical fitness

 Develop individual skills – financial management, stress

 management, communication skills

 Management of physical injury and/or pain

 Options to support workers managing ill-health in family

 Provide support and flexibility for staff exposed to traumatic events

 at work or experiencing difficult life events.

 Reduce Environmental
Risk Factors
 Reduce or manage occupational risks:
 tiredness
 boredom
 accidents
 excessive stress
 bullying and harassment
 disharmony
 Identify and Respond
Early
 Promote awareness of mental illness, signs, symptoms etc.
 Support early identification (self or others): self-identification, peer-
identification and support, identification by supervisors or
managers.
 Promote culture of acceptance of mental health problems
 Promote culture that help-seeking is a positive thing
 Promote a culture of offering support, expressing concern for work
colleagues
 Supervisor training to increase skills in raising difficult, personal
issues with staff in a helpful, non-threatening way.
 Impact of Mental Health
in the Workplace
 Absenteeism (missed work days)
 Presenteeism (reduced productivity at work)
 Disability claims
 Injuries/ illnesses
 Grievances/ complaints
 Turnover
 Legal implications
Leading cause: depression
 Mental Health Problem
can take many forms
 Severe stress  Phobias

 Depression  Obsessive compulsive disorder

 Bipolar affective disorder  Drug and alcohol abuse

 Schizophrenia  Post-traumatic stress disorder

 Eating disorders  Complex bereavement

 Anxieties  Dementia
 Mental Health Problem
 These are issues which could affect
any one of us.
 We want to believe ‘that could never
be me’.
 Stigma
 ALL mental health problems can be helped by:
 Support
 Talking Therapies
 Medications
 The prognosis for the vast majority of conditions is very
positive with the right help
 In most cases, even those with long term conditions can be
supported to lead full & productive lives including
employment.
Depression

 Depression
(major depressive disorder or clinical depression)
 a common but serious mood disorder
 isn't a weakness and you can't simply "snap out" of it
 a psychological condition marked by
prolonged periods of lethargy,
sadness, anxiety, and hopelessness,
which often manifest in loss of appetite, fatigue,
insomnia, excessive sleeping, and suicidal ideation.
 Types of Depression
 Unipolar: predominant feature is a depressed mood
 Bipolar: both manic and depressive episodes
separated by periods of normal mood

 Postpartum/ Postnatal depression

 more serious/ severe than
"baby blues" (mild depressive and anxiety symptoms that
typically clear within two weeks after delivery)
 full-blown major depression during pregnancy or after
delivery
 extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion that may make
it difficult for the new mothers to complete daily care
activities for themselves and/or for their babies.
 Types of Depression
 Psychotic depression:
 Psychosis can involve delusions
(false beliefs and detachment from reality) or
 hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that do not exist).
 Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
 related to the reduced daylight of winter
 Certain workers are more vulnerable to SAD
 lighting in call centres, for example,
is kept dim so as not to interfere with computer screens.
 Shift-workers are among those most affected by
bad lighting and are therefore more prone to SAD.
 Persistent depressive disorder (also called dysthymia): a
depressed mood that lasts for at least two years.
 Signs and Symptoms of
Depression
According to the DSM-5, you have depressionwhen you have five or
more of these symptoms for at least 2 weeks:
 A depressed mood during most of the day, especially in the morning
 You feel tired or have a lack of energy almost every day.
 You feel worthless or guilty almost every day.
 You have a hard time focusing, remembering details, and making
decisions.
 You can’t sleep or you sleep too much almost every day.
 You have almost no interest or pleasure in many activities nearly
every day.
 You think often about death or suicide (not just a fear of death).
 You feel restless or slowed down.
 You’ve lost or gained weight.
 Difference Between
Grief and Depression
 Grief: Painful feelings come in waves, often
intermixed with positive memories of the
deceased.
Major depression: Mood and/or interest
(pleasure) are decreased for most of two weeks.
 Grief: self-esteem is usually maintained.
Major depression: feelings of worthlessness and
self-loathing are common.
 For some people, the death of a loved one can
bring on major depression.
 Risk Factors
 Life events
 physical or sexual abuse, bereavement, divorce, work issues,
difficult relationships with friends and family, financial
problems, medical concerns, or acute stress
 Personality
 less successful coping strategies, previous life trauma , low self-
esteem, easily overwhelmed by stress, or generally pessimistic
and self-critical
 Genetic factors
 Having a first-degree relatives with depression
 If one identical twin has depression, the other has a 70 percent
chance of having the illness sometime in life.
 Environmental factors
 Continuous exposure to violence, neglect, abuse or poverty may
make some people more vulnerable to depression.
 Childhood trauma.
 Risk Factors
 Some prescription drugs
 These include corticosteroids, some beta-blockers, interferon,
and other prescription drugs
 Some high blood pressure medications or sleeping pills
 Abuse of recreational drugs
 Abuse of alcohol, amphetamines, and other drugs are strongly
linked to depression.
 A past head injury.
 Having had one episode of major depression
 This increases the risk of a subsequent one.
 Chronic pain syndromes
 Diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and
cardiovascular disease
 Being lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender, or having variations in
the development of genital organs in an unsupportive situation
 Complications
 Excess weight or obesity, which can lead to heart
disease and diabetes
 Pain or physical illness
 Alcohol or drug misuse
 Anxiety, panic disorder or social phobia
 Family conflicts, relationship difficulties, and
work or school problems
 Social isolation
 Suicidal feelings, suicide attempts or suicide
 Self-mutilation, such as cutting
 Premature death from medical conditions
Treatment and Therapies
 Medications: Antidepressants
Dietary supplements: omega-3 fatty acids and
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)
 Psychotherapies: cognitive-behavioral therapy,
interpersonal therapy, problem-solving therapy
 Brain Stimulation Therapies:
electroconvulsive therapy (ECT),
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS) and vagus nerve stimulation (VNS).
 Beyond Treatment:
Things You Can Do
 Try to be active and exercise.
 Set realistic goals for yourself.
 Try to spend time with other people and confide
in a trusted friend or relative.
 Try not to isolate yourself,
and let others help you.
 Expect your mood
to improve gradually,
not immediately.
 Beyond Treatment:
Things You Can Do
 Postpone important decisions, such as getting married or
divorced, or changing jobs until you feel better. Discuss
decisions with others who know you well and have a
more objective view of your situation.
 Continue to educate yourself about depression.
 regular exercise helps create positive feeling
and improve mood.
 Getting enough quality sleep on a regular basis,
eating a healthy diet and avoiding alcohol
(a depressant) can also help reduce symptoms
of depression.
 Prevention
 Take steps to control stress, to increase your
resilience and boost your self-esteem.
 Reach out to family and friends, especially in
times of crisis, to help you weather rough spells.
 Get treatment at the earliest sign of a problem to
help prevent depression from worsening.
 Consider getting long-term maintenance
treatment to help prevent a relapse of symptoms.
 .
Leisure

Self-
Care
Productivit
y
 What is
Mindfulness?
“Mental health is about
wellness rather than illness”
 Ways to Maintain
Positive Mental Health
 Getting professional help if you need it
 Connecting with others
 Staying positive
 Getting physically active
 Helping others
 Getting enough sleep
 Developing coping skills