students gender was not

significantly related to RGB

but that students school type,
general cognitive abilities, and
their working-memory
capacity were significant tends to
predictors of an early RGB negatively distort
onset3 scores and
thereby diminish
Factors/
P98060 Muhammad Haziq bin Buang | P95938 Renuka Devi | P96449 Nur Farahiyah binti Luk | P96019 Aini Salwati Mohd Yusof

Women and those Explanations validity2

with high ability are
signicantly more risk
averse4 the idea that under
Solutions formula scoring
students’ behavior
routinely monitor in terms of the number
the of omissions depends
engagement of on the penalty5
test takers and
conduct necessary multiple-choice format ‘1 of 6’
and appropriate exhibits a much lower item difficulty
data-cleaning than the free-response
procedures to format does 1
provide valid
scores6 Kubinger. KD, Holocher-Erti. S, Reif M., Hohensinn C. & Frebort
1

M. 2010. On Minimizing Guessing Effects on Multiple- Choice

Items: Superiority of a two solutions and three distractors item
format to a one solution and five distractors item format
International Journal of Selection and Assessment
. Volume 18 Number 1 March 2010

Self-Reflection:
2 Wise LS. 2017. Rapid-Guessing Behavior: Its Identification,

Interpretation, and Implications. Educational Measurement:

Issues and Practice. Winter 2017, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 52–61
3 Lindner MA, Lüdtke O and Nagy G. 2019. The Onset of Rapid-

1. Be sensitive, Guessing Behavior Over the Course of Testing Time: A Matter of

Motivation and Cognitive Resources. Front. Psychol. 10:1533.
accurate and doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01533
4 Akyol, S., Key, J., & Krishna, K. .2016. Hit or miss? Test taking

always behavior in multiple choice exams. Working Paper 22401.

National Bureau of Economic Researc.
balance the 5 Espinosa MP. 2010. Optimal Correction for Guessing in Multiple-

Choice Tests. Journal of Mathematical Psychology · December

level of 2010
6 Hongwen Guo, Joseph A. Rios, Shelby Haberman, Ou Lydia

difficulty of the Liu, Jing Wang &

Insu Paek. 2016.: A New Procedure for Detection of Students’
questions Rapid Guessing Responses Using
Response Time, Applied Measurement in Education, DOI:
10.1080/08957347.2016.1171766