Dynamics and Control 1 PDR

Team “Canard”
October 5, 2006

Team 1:
Dane Batema Benoit Blier
Drew Capps Patricia Roman
Kyle Ryan Audrey Serra
John Tapee Carlos Vergara
 Overview
Tail Sizing:
- Horizontal tail size
- Vertical tail size
- Elevator size
- Rudder size
AC and CG:
- Determination of AC
- CG range
- Static Margin
X-Plots and Trim Diagrams:
- X-Plots
- Trim diagrams
- Dihedral

AAE 451 Team 1 2

 Horizontal Tail Size
TAIL VOLUME METHOD

Constants: VN  
LHT S HT VH  0.298
Cw S w
 1 Compare!!
LHT  2.58 ft
Wing Horizontal
Area Wing MAC Tail Area VH Xh St/Sw Se/Sh Calc VH nu
S HT  0.3446 ft 2 76.4
77.5
4.5
4.1
10.4
14.5
0.3
0.44
10.1
9.68
0.1361
0.1871
0.45
0.6
0.306
0.442
0.982
0.996
80.7 3.74 13.4 0.47 10.6 0.1660 0.52 0.471 0.999

Cw  0.69 ft
80.7 3.77 15.4 0.54 10.6 0.1908 0.48 0.537 1.006
81 3 11.7 0.3 6.27 0.1444 0.25 0.302 0.994
96.7 5 19.4 0.31 7.64 0.2006 0.14 0.307 1.011
104 3.81 22.3 0.66 11.8 0.2144 0.5 0.664 0.994

S w  4.16 ft 2 112
118
4.5
3.82
16.5
23.5
0.36
0.66
10.9
12.6
0.1473
0.1992
0.46
0.51
0.357
0.657
1.009
1.005
119 4.3 22.2 0.49 11.3 0.1866 0.33 0.490 0.999
125 5.25 25.4 0.43 11.1 0.2032 0.49 0.430 1.001
130 4.37 25.5 0.59 13.2 0.1962 0.43 0.593 0.996
135 4.54 26 0.52 12.2 0.1926 0.52 0.518 1.005
Median 0.1908 0.4800 0.4706 0.9995

AAE 451 Team 1 Homemade aircraft: Historical Data from Roskam

3
 Elevator Size
Our Model: Se
•Initial sizing based on
historical data
 0 .4
St
•Historical Data gives a
possible starting point
for system optimization Compare!!

•Optimum size of
elevator will stabilize Wing Horizontal
the aircraft at high Area
76.4
Wing MAC
4.5
Tail Area
10.4
VH
0.3
Xh
10.1
St/Sw
0.1361
Se/Sh
0.45
Calc VH
0.306
nu
0.982
speed and stall speed 77.5
80.7
4.1
3.74
14.5
13.4
0.44
0.47
9.68
10.6
0.1871
0.1660
0.6
0.52
0.442
0.471
0.996
0.999
flight 80.7 3.77 15.4 0.54 10.6 0.1908 0.48 0.537 1.006
81 3 11.7 0.3 6.27 0.1444 0.25 0.302 0.994
96.7 5 19.4 0.31 7.64 0.2006 0.14 0.307 1.011
104 3.81 22.3 0.66 11.8 0.2144 0.5 0.664 0.994
Where are we? 112 4.5 16.5 0.36 10.9 0.1473 0.46 0.357 1.009
118 3.82 23.5 0.66 12.6 0.1992 0.51 0.657 1.005
Still need to work on 119
125
4.3
5.25
22.2
25.4
0.49
0.43
11.3
11.1
0.1866
0.2032
0.33
0.49
0.490
0.430
0.999
1.001
the optimization 130
135
4.37
4.54
25.5
26
0.59
0.52
13.2
12.2
0.1962
0.1926
0.43
0.52
0.593
0.518
0.996
1.005
algorithm Median 0.1908 0.4800 0.4706 0.9995

Homemade aircraft: Historical Data from Roskam

AAE 451 Team 1 4
 Longitudinal Static Stability
• Longitudinal Static Model
– Wing / Tail Aerodynamic Center
– Aircraft Aerodynamic Center
– Center of Gravity Position / Static Margin
– Horizontal Tail Sizing
• Class I Sizing
– Lift Coefficient versus Elevator Deflection Angle
– Moment Coefficient Equation
– Trim Diagram
– Dihedral How did we obtain our
values?

AAE 451 Team 1 5

 Wing Aerodynamic Center
Our Value:
Cmw 1
 0.1098
 rad
C mw,
Cmwac  -0.0253 C mw  C mw
ac 0.25 c

C Lw,
* C Lw
o
C Lw  5.03
o

C mw  -0.0241 CLw 1
 0.0558

0.25 c
Also rad

L
Cm0.25c
X AC  0.26109c
w V Mac
0.25c A.C
d
c
AAE 451 Team 1 6
 Tail Aerodynamic Center
Our Value:
Cmt 1
 0.2470
 rad

C mt ,
C mt  C mt  * C Lt C Lt  0
C t
0 ac 0.25 c
C Lt , o o

mac

C mt 0 CLt
 4.64
1
0.25 c
 rad

L
Cm0.25c
V Mac
t
X AC  0.30323c 0.25c A.C
d
c
AAE 451 Team 1 7
 Aircraft Aerodynamic Center
Equation Obtained from Roskam

C Lt , St d
x acwf  H X act (1  )
C Lwf, S d
X ac  t
The Result
C L , St d
1 H (1  )
C Lwf, S d

Our Constants

x acwf  0.26c C L , t
 4.64
1
X ac  0.433c
rad

d 1
 0.37 C L , wf
 5.03
d rad
AAE 451 Team 1 8
 CG & Static Margin
Initial guess of Center of gravity
Number worked well on
Xcg  0.33c calculations for tail
sizing.

Allows the Calculation

of the Static Margin

Kn =(Xcg  Xac )  0.133c

Will improve as maximum deflection

angle of elevator is calculated

AAE 451 Team 1 9

 Horizontal Tail Sizing
Used Class I Method Design
using XPLOT

Guessed CG initial:

Xcg  0.33c
Tail Surface found with
Volume Ratio:

St  0.43 ft 2

Final Tail Surface

St  0.345 ft 2

AAE 451 Team 1 10

 CL vs. Elevator Deflection Angle
CL ( ,  e )  0.0998  5.2697 attack  0.3805iw0  0.2303 e

Increase
Deflection Angle
100   e  100

AAE 451 Team 1 11

 Moment Coefficient Equation

Our Moment Coefficient Equation

CM ( ,  e )  0.0167  0.7023 attack  1.4255iw0  0.8628 e

What happened with the

Trim Diagram?

Positive value for Negative value for • We run with some

Positive Trim Angle of Stability technical issues at the
Attack moment to calculate the
Zero moment Coefficient
lines at different CG
Locations
AAE 451 Team 1 12
 Dynamics and Controls PDR
What happened with the Trim
Diagram?

• We run with some technical

issues at the moment to calculate
the Zero moment Coefficient lines
at different CG Locations
• Will show it during next PDR
including Lateral Stability

AAE 451 Team 1 13

 Dihedral
High Wing:
- Natural dihedral
- Typical values of 1° to -2 °
High Dihedral:
- Increased roll stability
- Decreased maneuverability
Our Aircraft:
- 0 Dihedral
- Adjust if needed

AAE 451 Team 1 14

 Dynamics and Controls PDR

Questions?...
Comments? ...
Concerns?...

AAE 451 Team 1 15