INDUS INSTITUTE OF

TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING

ADF
EFFECT ON LOCAL GEOLOGY DURING BHUJ
EARTHQUAKE-2001
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

PREPARED BY:- GUIDED BY:-

NANDPAL PRASHANT PROF. BHUMIKA PATEL

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 INDEX
• Introduction
• Geological deformation
• Local site effects
• Soil/basin effects
• Ridge effect
• Island effect
• Liquefaction
• References

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 INTRODUCTION
 It have 25km focal depth.
 The magnitude of earthquake was 6.6 on Richter scale(according to IMD), and 7.7 on
moment scale( according to us geologic survey).

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 INTRODUCTION
 13805 people died and more than 167000 were injured.

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 GEOLOGICAL DEFORMATION
 Analysis of isoseismal map revels that some region have higher
intensity comparted to the surrounding.

Ground fissures, geysers, liquefaction

observed generally in desert areas and heavily
alluviated low land region.
Two big geysers were founded between
Khangarpar and Shrawan Kawara near Ludai
which caused elliptical hole having size 3.4m *
4.3m.
Fissures were generated as a secondary effect
of earthquake and surficial in nature

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 LOCAL SITE EFFECT
 Most highest intensity of shaking experienced near rupture fault.
 Although two site having same distance from rupture fault, intensity of one site can
be 10 times than other site.
 Scientist assumed that local geology factor plays main role in this phenomena.
 Hence scientist tries to figure out this factors, so intensity at particular site can be
estimated in future earthquake.

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 SOIL/BASIN EFFECT
 Sever damage during bhuj earthquake caused by the soil/basin effect of the ground
motion characteristics.
 Due to low frequency amplification caused by Sabarmati river basin damage of high
rise building in Ahmedabad situated 300kms away from epicentre of earthquake.
 D wing of sikhar apartment of Ahmedabad
collapsed to ground in earthquake while 2
storey brick or mud house remain undamaged
or had mild damage such as cracks, due to this
effect due to double resonance effect.
 More than 65 buildings having 4 or more
stories suffered from severe damage due to
foundation column failure and declared unsafe.
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 SOIL/BASIN EFFECT
 Same thing happened in Morbi for
building having more than 3 storey
building.
 Effect of unconsolidated soil also
observed in Ludra and Bhawar
village.
 This village has damage of VIII
intensity while surrounding
villages had VI intensity.

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 RIDGE EFFECT

 The ridge effect is observed on the 100m high Ramdev pir hill and kutri village and
sajangarh(Udaipur city) also.
 Amplification of the ground motion depends on the slope and the elevation of the
ridge.
 Ridge effect occurs at hill area and most highest rock at the bottom of ocean.
 Intensity of damage on Ramdev pir hill were observed IX while Hawai village near
Ramdev pir hill were observed VI intensity of damage.

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 RIDGE EFFECT
 The collapsed temple on the hill,
shifting and uprooting of a water tank,
and displacement and breaking of large
boulders on the hill indicate
amplification of the ground motion and
strong surface wave generation on
Ramdev pir hill near Hawai village.
 After computing and analyze the ridge
model of Ramdev pir hill scientist
conclude that this sever damage happen
due to available soft soil.

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 ISLAND EFFECT
 The island effect of Bhuj earthquake is were observed in the Beyt Dwarka kms away
from Okha port.
 The average height of island is about 8m from MSL.
 The intensity of shaking in Beyt Dwarka was of the order of VII, while it was only
VI in nearby Okha port
 500 years old lord Krishna temple were partially collapsed.
 Very old and traditional jetty suffer earthquake in form of falling of parapet and
generating cracks.
 More than 50% house of island destroyed while no damage observed on Okha port.

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LIQUEFACTION

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 REFRENCES
 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 https://www.google.co.in/maps
 J.P NARAYAN & M.L SHARMA “EFFECTS OF LOCAL GEOLOGY ON
DAMAGE SEVERITY DURING BHUJ, INDIA EARTHQUAKE”, PAPER NO.
2042
 PROMOD K SHARMA “THE KUTCH EARTHUAKE 2001, RECOLLECTION,
LESSON & INSIGHT”

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