FEATURE GEOMETRY

Presented by:
Lecturer:
Mr. Darwis M, Pd
 Definition of feature
geometry

Feature geometry is a phonological

theory which represents distinctive
features as a structured hierarchy
rather than a matrix or a set.
 Feature tree

The features have been represented as an unorganized

bundle: the features may freely combine in the construc
tion of a phoemic inventory as well as in defining
natural cases.
Nasal place asimilation

Nasal place assimilation, one of the more common phonological process

es found in natural languages, occurs when a nasal phoneme assimilates t
he place features of another consonant in its environment.
 NONLINIER
PHONOLOGY
Emphasizes relationships among larger
Segments of lang- syllables, words, and
phrases- as well as the impact of
suprasegmental aspects of
phonology- intonation, stress, and pauses- on
speech production.
 A. STRESS
stress is the
degree of
First Second emphasis Third Fourth
given a sound
syllable syllable or syllable in syllable syllable
speech,

Example : Example :
doctor Example : understand Example :
Alone
handicap important
controversial configuration
testimony comparison university experimental
capitalism sophisticated responsibility
 Syllabels
Syllables differ from phonemes in that a phoneme is the
smallest unit of sound.
Example :
Word Syllabels Sound pattern /
spelling rules

Because be cause Au
Played play ed Ay
Conglomerate con glom er ate Bossy “ e ”
Spreading & Delinking
Spreading Delinking

spreading is open out (something) delinking is break the connection

so as to extend its surface area, between (something) and
width, or length. something else.
Example :
 Debuccalization
Debuccalization is a sound change or alternation in which an oral consonant loses
its original place of articulation and moves it to the glottis (usually [h], [ɦ], or [ʔ].

Example :
 Suprasegmental
Suprasegmental
also called Prosodic Feature, in phonetics, a speech feature such as stress, tone, or word juncture that accompa
nies or is added over consonants and vowels; these features are not limited to single sounds but often extend ove
r syllables, words, or phrases

Tone
Tone, is an attitude of a writer toward a subject or an audience. Tone is generally conveyed through the choice of
words, or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject. The tone can be formal, informal, serious, comic, sarcas
tic, sad, or cheerful, or it may be any other existing attitude
Example

Father: “We are going on a vacation.”

Son: “That’s great!!!”
– The tone of son’s response is very cheerful.

Father: “We can’t go on vacation this summer.”

Son: “Yeah, great! That’s what I expected.”
– The son’s tone is sarcastic.

“Yeah, your grades on this exam will be as good as the previous exams.”
– The tone is pessimistic in this example.

“Can someone tell me what the hell is going on here?”

– This has an aggressive tone.
Stress

Stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word, or to certain words in a phrase or s
entence. In English, stressed syllables are louder than non-stressed syllables. Also, they are longer and have a hi
gher pitch
holiday, alone, admiration, confidential, degree, weaker, nervous, parents
grammatical words (auxiliary verbs, prepositions, pronouns, articles, …) usually do not receive any stress. Lexical
words, however, (nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs) must have at least one stressed syllable.
There are many verbs that consist of two syllables. Mostly, the stress is on the second syllable. The same word ha
s become a noun. The noun, however, is stressed differently: the stress is on the first syllable
to record = a record
to permit = a permit
to transport = a transport
Thank You