FOCUS: Western Music from the Middle Ages to

Contemporary times
 MUSIC IN THE MIDDLE AGES (450-1450)

GREGORIAN CHANT – consists of melody set

to sacred Latin texts and sung without
accompaniment. The chant is monophonic in
texture. The melodies of Gregorian chant
were meant to enhance specific parts of
religious services.

THE CHURCH MODES – consist of seven different tones

and an eighth tone that duplicates the first an octave
higher. The church modes were the basic scales of western
music during the middle ages and Renaissance and were
used in secular as well as sacred music.
 Church modes consist of authentic (range of an
octave above the finalis) and plagal (range of fifth
above and fourth below the finalis).
Authentic Plagal
Dorian Hypodorian
Phrygian Hypophrygian
Lydian Hypolydian
Mixolydian Hypomixolydian
Aeolian Hypoaeolian
Locrian Hypolocrian
Ionian Hypoionian
SECULAR MUSIC in the Middle Ages - music
outside the church composed during the 12th
and 13th centuries by French nobles called
the troubadours and trouveres. The songs
were usually performed by court minstrels,
and most of them deal with love; but there
are also songs about the Crusades, dance
songs, and spinning songs.

The Development of Polyphony: ORGANUM –

Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant with
one or more additional melodic lines. Between 900
and 1200 organum became truly polyphonic and the
melody added to the chant became more
independent.
COMPOSERS:

HILDEGARD OF BINGEN (1098-

1179) – composer of “O Successores”
(You successors) was one of the
most creative and many-sided
personalities of the middle ages.

GUILLAUME DE MACHAUT (1300-1377) -

famous both as a musician and a poet.
MUSIC IN THE RENAISSANCE (1450-1600)

Characteristics of Renaissance Music:

• The texture is polyphonic.

• Typical choral piece has four, five or six voice parts of nearly
equal melodic interest.
• Imitation among the voices is common: each presents the
same melodic idea in turn, as in a round.
• Homophonic texture, with successions of chords, is also used,
especially in light music, like dances.
• Renaissance music sounds fuller than medieval music.
• The bass register was used for the first time, expanding the
pitch range to more than 4 octaves.
• Period of “golden age” of unaccompanied – a capella –
choral music.
SACRED MUSIC
1.MOTET – is a polyphonic choral work set to sacred Latin text other
than the ordinary of the mass.

2. MASS – is a polyphonic choral composition made up of five

sections: Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus and Agnus Dei.

3. SECULAR VOCAL MUSIC: Madrigal – a piece for several solo voices

set to a short poem, usually about love. A madrigal like a motet,
combines homophonic and polyphonic textures.

4. SECULAR INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC: Dance Forms – the

development of independent instrumental music grew out of two
sources: the use of instruments to double or replace parts of a vocal
composition and the use of instruments for dance music.
 a. JOSQUIN DESPREZ (1440-1521) – master of
Renaissance music. Composed music for masses,
motets and secular vocal pieces. “Ave
Maria…virgo serena” is the outstanding choral
work.
b. GIOVANNI PIERLUIGI DA PALESTRINA (1525-1594) –
devoted himself to Catholic Church music that includes
104 masses and some 450 other sacred works. “Pope
Marcellus Mass” is the famous mass by Palestrina written
for a capella choir of six voice parts: soprano, alto, two
tenors and two basses.

c. THOMAS WEELKES (1575-1623) – an organist and

church composer.
 MUSIC IN THE BAROQUE (1600-1750)

Characteristics of Baroque Music:

1. Baroque pieces usually express one basic mood:

what begins joyfully will remain joyful throughout
2. Rhythmic patterns heard at the beginning of a piece
are repeated throughout it.
3. Baroque melody creates a feeling of continuity.
4. Paralleling continuity of rhythm and melody in
baroque music is continuity of dynamic level: the
volume tends to stay constant for a stretch of time.
5. Polyphonic in texture.
6. Chords became increasingly important during the
baroque period.
Early Baroque (1600-1640) – composers’ favored
homophonic texture over the polyphonic texture
typical of Renaissance music.

Middle Baroque (1640-1680) – the church modes

scales governed music for centuries gradually gave way
to major and minor scales.

Late Baroque Period (1680-1750) – many aspects of

harmony – including an emphasis on the attraction of
the dominant chord to the tonic – arose in this period.
Instrumental music became as important as vocal
music for the first time. Late baroque composers
gloried in polyphony.
SINGLE VOCAL FORMS

1. RECITATIVE – is a free form for solo voice with

accompaniment in which the vocal melody
approximates the natural rhythm and pitch
inflection of the text.

2. ARIA – is a song for solo and accompaniment in

which the vocal part is written in a fairly complex style,
often with several notes to each syllable of the text.

3. CHORALE – sung in unison or in four-part block

chord style.
MULTI-MOVEMENT VOCAL FORMS

1. OPERA – is a drama sung with instrumental

accompaniment and presented with appropriate
scenery, costumes and staging.

2. CANTATA – is a composite vocal form in several

movements for solo voice and instrumental
accompaniment or for solo voices, chorus and
instrumental accompaniment.

3. ORATORIO – is a composite vocal work for soloists,

chorus and orchestra based on a sacred or secular text.
SINGLE MOVEMENT INSTRUMENTAL FORMS

1. SECTIONAL DANCE FORM – dances written in

rounded binary form.

2. ORCHESTRAL OVERTURE – an instrumental

composition which serves as an introductory
movement for an opera, oratorio or cantata or as the
first movement of a composite instrumental piece.

3. FUGUE – is a composition based on polyphonic

imitative treatment of a short theme known as the
subject.
MULTI-MOVEMENT INSTRUMENTAL FORMS

1. SONATA DA CHIESA (Italian: church sonata) –

written for solo instruments

2. SONATA DA CAMERA (Italian: chamber sonata) – is a

composite instrumental work based on dance forms.

3. SUITE – an important Baroque instrumental form for

solo harpsichord, clavichord or orchestral instruments.
It is also a dance movement: allemande, courante,
sarabande and gigue.
COMPOSERS:
JOHANNE SEBASTIAN BACH (1685-1750) –
German composer, organist, harpsichordist,
violist and violinist whose sacred and secular
works for choir, orchestra, and solo
instruments drew together the strands of
Baroque period and brought it to its ultimate
maturity. Works: “Branderburg Concerto,”
“Air on G-String,” “Toccata and Fugue in D
minor,” “Organ Mass” and “The Magnificat.”

CLAUDIO MONTEVERDI (1567-1643) – one of

the most important composers in early
baroque era. Created the earliest operatic
masterpiece “Orfeo”. The last opera by
Monteverdi is “L’incoronazione di Poppea (The
Coronation of Poppea).”
 HENRY PURCELL (1659-1695) – an English
organist and Baroque composer of secular and
sacred music. Works: “Dido and Aeneas,” “The Fairy
Queen” (an adaptation of Shakespeare’s A
Midsummer Night’s Dream), “King Arthur”, and
“Jubilate Deo”.

GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL (1685-1759) – a

master of Italian opera, English oratorios, anthems
and organ concertos. Works: “Messiah,” “Water
Music,” “Music for the Royal Fireworks,” “For unto
Us a Child Is Born.”

ANTONIO VIVALDI (1678-1741) – Italian composer,

priest, and virtuoso violinist and known for composing
instrumental concertos, especially for the violin, as well
as sacred choral works and over 40 operas. Works: “The
Four Seasons,” “Twelve sonatas for two violins and basso
continuo (opus 1),” “La Stravaganza for twelve violin
concertos.”
 MUSIC OF CLASSICAL PERIOD (1750-1820)

Characteristics of Classical Music:

1. Emphasis on beauty, elegance and balance.

2. Homophonic Texture
3. Classical melodies are among the most tuneful and
easiest to remember.
4. Sonata form was the most important design.
5. The orchestra increases in size and range. The
harpsichord falls out of use. The woodwind becomes a
self-contained section.
SINGLE MOVEMENT INSTRUMENTAL FORMS

1. BINARY FORM – form of movement with two principal

themes or two distinct sections.
2. TERNARY FORM – form of movement with three principal
themes or three sections.
3. RONDO FORM – a typical pattern which letters representing
thematic sections (ABACABA) there are five and seven part
rondo forms.
4. VARIATION FORMS – One of a set of series of transformations
of a theme by means of harmonic, rhythmic, and melodic
changes and embellishments.
5. SONATINA FORM – in essence, a miniature version of sonata-
allegro form, but with shorter themes, an abbreviated or
occasionally omitted development section, and a generally
lighter character.
MULTI-MOVEMENT INSTRUMENTAL FORMS

1. SONATA FORM – refers to the form of a single

movement and consists of three main sections: the
exposition, where the themes are presented; the
development, where themes are treated in new ways;
and the recapitulation, where the themes return. The
three main sections are often followed by a concluding
section, the coda. These sections are all within one
movement.

2. CONCERTO – an extended composition for a solo

instrument and orchestra, frequently in a sonata form.
SINGLE-MOVEMENT VOCAL FORMS

Recitative
Aria
Song
Chorus

MULTI-MOVEMENT VOCAL FORMS

Opera – show significant advances in style and

technique.
COMPOSERS:

WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART (1756-1791) –

one of the most amazing child prodigies, prolific
and influential composer in the history of
classical music. Works: “Eine Kleine
Nachtmusik,” “Don Giovanni,” “Symphony No.40
in g minor,” “The Marriage of Figaro.”

LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN (1770-1827) –

represents the highest level of musical genius.
He opened new realms of musical expression
and profoundly influenced composers
throughout the 19th century. Works:
“Symphony No. 5 in c minor,” “Piano Sonata in
C minor Op.13,” “Moonlight Sonata.”
FRANZ JOSEPH HAYDN (1732-1809) –
the first master of Viennese Classicism
and the Father of Symphony. Works:
“The Creation,” “The Seasons,”
“Surprise Symphony,” “Trumpet
Concerto in E Flat Major.”

NICCOLO PAGANINI (1782-1840) –

composer, guitarist and virtuoso
violinist. Works: “Caprice No. 24 in A
minor,” “Tarantella,” “God Save the
King.”
 ROMANTIC PERIOD (1820-1900)

Characteristics of Romantic Music:

1. Describe as subjectivity, emotionalism, longing

exuberance, imbalance, fantasy.
2. Emphasis on self-expression and individuality of
style.
3. Expressive aims and subjects
4. Nationalism and Exoticism
5. Program music
6. Expressive tone color
7. Colorful harmony
8. Expanded range of dynamics, pitch and tempo
FORMS OF ORCHESTRAL MUSIC:

PROGRAM SYMPHONY – is a composition in several movements as its

name implies, a symphony with a program. Usually, each movement has a
descriptive title.

CONCERT OVERTURE – has one movement, usually in sonata form. The

romantic concert overture was modeled after the opera overture, a one
movement composition that establishes the mood of an opera.

SYMPHONIC POEM OR TONE POEM – is also in one movement.

Symphonic poems take many traditional forms – sonata form, rondo, or
theme and variations – as well as irregular forms.

INCIDENTAL MUSIC – is music to be performed before and during a play.

It is “incidental” to the staged drama, but it sets the mood for certain scenes.
Interludes, background music, marches, and dances are all incidental music.
ART SONG – a composition for solo voice and piano. Poetry and
music are intimately fused in the art song.

STROPHIC FORM – repeating the same music for each stanza of

the poem. Strophic form makes a song easy to remember and is
used in almost all folk songs.

THROUGH-COMPOSED FORM – writing new music for each

stanza. Through-composed form allows music to reflect a
poem’s changing moods.

SONG CYCLE – a cycle may be unified by a story line that runs

through the poems or by musical ideas linking the songs.
COMPOSERS:

FRANZ SCHUBERT (1797-1828) – earliest

master of the romantic art song wrote some
600 lieder, nine symphonies, liturgical music,
operas, some incidental music, and large
body of chamber and solo piano music.
Works: “Unfinished Symphony,” “Serenade,”
“Symphony No.8 in B minor.”

FELIX MENDELSSOHN (1809-1847) –

composer, pianist and conductor. Works: “A
Midsummer Night’s Dream,” “Italian
Symphony,” “Hebrides Overture.”
 FREDERIC CHOPIN (1810-1849) – composer, genius of
the piano who created a unique romantic style of keyboard
music. Works: “Nocturne in E flat Major,” “Etude in C
minor,” “Polonaise in A flat Major.”

PETER ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY (1840-1893) – was one of

the most loved of Russian composers. His music is famous
for its strong emotion, and his technical skill and strict
work habits helped guarantee its lasting appeal. Works:
“Nutcracker Suite,” “Romeo and Juliet,” “Sleeping Beauty,”
“Swan Lake.”

GIUSEPPE VERDI (1813-1901) – the most popular

of all opera composers. Works: “Rigoletto,” “La
Donna e Mobile,” “Aida,” “La Traviata.”
 THE TWENTIETH CENTURY MUSIC AND BEYOND
Characteristics of 20th century music:

1. Tone color became more important of music than ever

before.
2. Many techniques considered uncommon before were being
used during this time.
3. Many composers used noiselike and percussive instruments.
4. Glissando, a rapid slide up or down the scales.
5. Percussion instruments became a major part of 20th century
music.
6. Dissonant chords were becoming just as common as
consonant chords.
7. Many emphasized irregularity and unpredictability.
8. The time signature would often change in the middle of
piece.
IMPRESSIONISM – musical style that stresses tone color,
atmosphere and fluidity, typical of Debussy.

EXPRESSIONISM – musical style stressing intense, subjective

emotion and harsh dissonance, typical of German and Austrian
music of the early 20th century.

NEOCLASSICISM – musical style marked by emotional restraint,

balance and clarity, inspired by the forms and stylistic features
of 18th century music.

NATIONALISM – Inclusion of folksongs, dances, legends, and

other national material in a composition to associate it with the
composer’s homeland; characteristic of romantic music.
EXOTICISM – Use of melodies, rhythms, or instruments that
suggest foreign lands; common in romantic music.

MINIMALIST MUSIC – is characterized by steady pulse, clear

tonality, and insistent repetition of short melodic patterns; its
dynamic level, texture, and harmony tend to stay constant for
fairly long stretches of time, creating a trancelike or hypnotic
effect.

ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENT – whose sound is produced,

modified or amplified by electronic means.

FREE JAZZ – jazz style that departs from traditional jazz is not
being based on regular forms and established chord patterns
JAZZ – music rooted in improvisation and characterized by syncopated
rhythm, a steady beat, and distinctive tone colors and performance
techniques. Jazz was developed in the United States predominantly by
African American musicians and gained popularity in the early twentieth
century.

JAZZ ROCK (fusion) – style that combines the jazz musician’s improvisatory
approach with rock rhythms and tone colors.

RAGTIME – style of composed piano music, generally in duple meter with a

moderate march tempo, in which the pianist’s right hand plays a highly
syncopated melody while the left hand maintains the beat with an “oom-
pah” accompaniment.

POPULAR MUSIC – belongs to any of a number of musical genres “having

wide appeal” and is typically distributed to large audiences through the
music industry. It stands in contrast to both art music and traditional music.
 COMPOSERS:
ARNOLD SCHOENBERG (Austrian, 1874-1951) –
composer and theorist whose intransigent method of
organizing music according to twelve equal notes
profoundly influenced the direction of 20th century
music. Works: “Pierrot Lunaire,” “A Survivor from
Warsaw,”
BELA BARTOK (Hungarian, 1881-1945) – a
composer whose style was intimately welded to
his pioneering folk music research. Work:
“Concerto for Orchestra,” “Third Piano Concerto,”
“Violin Concerto.”
CLAUDE DEBUSSY (French, 1862-1918) –
composer, originator of musical
Impressionism. Works: “Clair de Lune,”
“String Quartet in G minor,” “Nocturne,”
“Fantaisie for piano and orchestra.”
 SERGEI RACHMANINOFF (Russian, 1873-1943) – composer,
pianist and conductor. Work: “Rhapsody on a Theme of
Paganini,” “Prelude in C sharp minor,” “Symphonic Dances.”
Aaron Copland (American, 1900-1990) – greatly
distinguished and exceptionally gifted composer. Work:
“Appalachian Spring,” “The Cat and the Mouse for piano,”
“Sonata in G major for piano.”

JOHN CAGE (American, 1912-1992) – writer, philosopher,

and visual artist of the experimental school, who
radically changed the course of 20th century music. Work:
“Sonatas and Interludes,” “Dream,” “Water Music.”

MILES DAVIS (American, 1926-1991) –

outstanding black American jazz trumpeter and
bandleader. Work: “Miles Runs the Voodoo Dow,”
“Miles Davis Quintet.”
IT’S YOUR TURN..
1.This music originates from the populace and is handed, spread, and
passed orally. It has simple melody.

a. Folk music c. New age

b. Acoustic music d. Ethnic music

2. Which of the following styles of performing is used by Schoenberg in his

composition “Pierrot Lunaire” where the lyrics of the song are half-sung and
half-spoken?

a. Inversion c. Sprechstimme
b. Rap d. Retrograde

3. Who among the following personalities is a well-known impressions

composer of the 20th century?

a. Bela Bartok c. Igor Stravinsky

b. Arnold Schoenberg d. Claude Debussy
4. Which of these compositions are not from the Classical era?

a. The Marriage of Figaro c. Symphonies Fantastique

b. Fur Elise d. Don Giovanni

5. It is a free form for solo voice with accompaniment in which the vocal
melody approximates the natural rhythm and pitch inflection of the text.

a. Recitative c. Aria
b. Chorale d. Hymn

6. It is a song for solo and accompaniment in which the vocal part is written
in a fairly complex style, often with several notes to each syllable of the
text.

a. Recitative c. Aria
b. Chorale d. Hymn
7. Who is the composer of the “Branderburg Concerto”?

a. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart c. Johanne Sebastian Bach

b. Ludwig Van Beethoven d. Franz Josef Haydn

8. It is the period of subjectivity, emotionalism, imbalance and fantasy.

a. Romantic c. Classical
b. Contemporary d. Baroque

9. It is a religious or sacred song, usually a metrical poem to be sung by a

congregation.
a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

10. In which period in music history was the new tonal system invented
characterized by the different kinds of ideology and music, the use of
important technologies in producing sound and music and the widespread
nationalistic spirit of music?

a. 16th century c. 18th century

b. 19th century d. 20th century
11. It is sung in unison or in four-part block chord style.

a. Chorale c. Recitative
b. Aria d. Oratorio

12. The United States most important contribution to the world of music
which is improvised, syncopated, and with blues notes.

a. Opera c. Broadway musicale

b. Jazz d. Swing

13. His music was characterized as extroverted, grandiose and dramatic.

Among his works are, The Messiah, Judas Macabeus, Water Music and
Fireworks Music.

a. George Frederick Handel c. Johann Sebastian Bach

b. William Byrd d. Antonio Vivaldi
14. A dance of Polish origin, in ¾ time and moderate tempo; formerly in
animated processional style, but now merely a slow promenade opening a
ball.

a. Polonaise c. Fantaisie Impromptu

b. Nocturne d. Etude

15. Outstanding black American jazz trumpeter and bandleader.

a. Miles Davis c. John Cage

b. Aaron Copland d. Sergei Rachmaninoff

16. Text of the opera, oratorio and cantata.

a. Libretto c. Script
b. Score d. Book

17. A short coda.

a. Fine c. Codetta
b. Coda d. Dal Segno
18. The opening section of the sonata movement, in which the principal
themes are presented for the first time.

a. Exposition c. Recapitulation
b. Development d. Fine

19. The working out or evolution of a theme by presenting it in varied

melodic, harmonic, or rhythmic treatment.

a. Exposition c. Recapitulation
b. Development d. Fine

20. Which of the following best describes the characteristic of popular music?

a. Popular music may be the music of the hour as everyone else in community
is singing it.
b. Popular music covers a wide genre composed of alternative, folk, acoustic,
heavy metal, hip-hop, jazz, new age, rap, rhythm and blues and rock.
c. Popular music combines and regulates sounds of varying pitches to produce
musical composition of varying emotions and ideas.
d.Popular music is promoted live and by print media.
ON YOUR OWN..
1. Period when the individual sought to revolt against established rules and
traditions of previous eras. Composers sought to express their own
creative identities.
a. Renaissance C. Pre- Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
2. Era of ecstasy and exuberance; of dynamic tensions and sweeping
gestures; passion for large and noble objects.
a. Classical C. Contemporary
b. Romantic D. Modern
3. The foundation of Western Art was laid in this long period. Vocal
polyphony was begun in which musical interest is sharp equally between
parts which move independently to produce an interwoven texture.
Notation of the sounds developed in this period: Syllable names for the
note of the scale was invented by Guido d’ Arezzo which is the basis of the
modern Solfeggio system.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
4. It’s qualities are free and chance use of sounds, improvisation,
processed music and sounds programmed into computers characterized by
diverse methods and approaches to music.
a. Classical C. Contemporary
b. Romantic D. Modern
5. Their works feature such factor as terraced dynamic, bel canto and an
incessant rhythmic drive. The major and minor modes gradually replacing
the church modes and moderate modulation to related keys replacing the
practice in remaining in one tonality.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
6. Music was with no regular metric grouping, has narrow range, average
tessitura and conjunct motion. Tonal organization is basically that of the
church modes. Dynamics were not indicated in most music of this period.
Texture was predominantly monophonic.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
7. The period that gives impression of greater stability, repose, clarity,
balance, objectivity and traditionalism where composers attempted to
create music which is formal, strict in proportion and moderate in
expression.
a. Classical C. Contemporary
b. Romantic D. Modern
8. The greater part of the music of this period is vocal and the formal
element in this music is largely governed by considerations of the text.
Much of the music is irregular in motive and phrase construction.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
9. An extended composition for a solo instrument and orchestra, frequently
in sonata form.
a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

10. An orchestral composition of from three or five distinct movements or

divisions, each with its own themes and its own development.
a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

11. A sacred vocal composition in contrapuntal style, without

accompaniment.

a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

12. A musical introduction to an opera or oratorio.

a. Overture C. Symphony
b. Intermezzo D. Interlude
13. An instrumental strain or passage connecting the lines or stanzas of a
hymn.
a. Overture C. Symphony
b. Intermezzo D. Interlude

14. The famous composer, pianist and conductor who composed the
famous “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg

15. The composer militantly removed from the “Mighty Five” and the most
popular composer under the Soviet regime. King of Russian Waltz.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg

16. The composer, genius of the piano who created a unique romantic style
of keyboard music.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg
17. The composer and theorist whose intransigent method of organizing
music according to twelve equal notes profoundly influenced the direction
of 20th century music.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg

18. This music is characterized by steady pulse, clear tonality, and

insistent repetition of short melodic patterns; its dynamic level, texture,
and harmony tend to stay constant for fairly long stretches of time,
creating a trancelike or hypnotic effect.

a. Minimalist Music C. Electronic Instrument

b. Free Jazz D. Jazz

19. The sound is produced, modified or amplified by electronic means.

a. Minimalist Music C. Electronic Instrument

b. Free Jazz D. Jazz

20. The style that departs from traditional jazz is not being based on
regular forms and established chord patterns.

a. Minimalist Music C. Electronic Instrument

b. Free Jazz D. Jazz
LET’S CHECK..
1. Period when the individual sought to revolt against established rules and
traditions of previous eras. Composers sought to express their own
creative identities.
a. Renaissance C. Pre- Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
2. Era of ecstasy and exuberance; of dynamic tensions and sweeping
gestures; passion for large and noble objects.
a. Classical C. Contemporary
b. Romantic D. Modern
3. The foundation of Western Art was laid in this long period. Vocal
polyphony was begun in which musical interest is sharp equally between
parts which move independently to produce an interwoven texture.
Notation of the sounds developed in this period: Syllable names for the
note of the scale was invented by Guido d’ Arezzo which is the basis of the
modern Solfeggio system.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
4. It’s qualities are free and chance use of sounds, improvisation,
processed music and sounds programmed into computers characterized by
diverse methods and approaches to music.
a. Classical C. Contemporary
b. Romantic D. Modern
5. Their works feature such factor as terraced dynamic, bel canto and an
incessant rhythmic drive. The major and minor modes gradually replacing
the church modes and moderate modulation to related keys replacing the
practice in remaining in one tonality.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
6. Music was with no regular metric grouping, has narrow range, average
tessitura and conjunct motion. Tonal organization is basically that of the
church modes. Dynamics were not indicated in most music of this period.
Texture was predominantly monophonic.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
7. The period that gives impression of greater stability, repose, clarity,
balance, objectivity and traditionalism where composers attempted to
create music which is formal, strict in proportion and moderate in
expression.
a. Classical C. Contemporary
b. Romantic D. Modern
8. The greater part of the music of this period is vocal and the formal
element in this music is largely governed by considerations of the text.
Much of the music is irregular in motive and phrase construction.
a. Renaissance C. Pre-Baroque
b. Baroque D. Classical
9. An extended composition for a solo instrument and orchestra, frequently
in sonata form.
a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

10. An orchestral composition of from three or five distinct movements or

divisions, each with its own themes and its own development.
a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

11. A sacred vocal composition in contrapuntal style, without

accompaniment.

a. Concerto C. Fugue
b. Symphony D. Motet

12. A musical introduction to an opera or oratorio.

a. Overture C. Symphony
b. Intermezzo D. Interlude
13. An instrumental strain or passage connecting the lines or stanzas of a
hymn.
a. Overture C. Symphony
b. Intermezzo D. Interlude

14. The famous composer, pianist and conductor who composed the
famous “A Midsummer Night’s Dream”.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg

15. The composer militantly removed from the “Mighty Five” and the most
popular composer under the Soviet regime. King of Russian Waltz.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg

16. The composer, genius of the piano who created a unique romantic style
of keyboard music.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg
17. The composer and theorist whose intransigent method of organizing
music according to twelve equal notes profoundly influenced the direction
of 20th century music.

a. Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky C. Felix Mendelssohn

b. Frederic Chopin D. Arnold Schoenberg

18. This music is characterized by steady pulse, clear tonality, and

insistent repetition of short melodic patterns; its dynamic level, texture,
and harmony tend to stay constant for fairly long stretches of time,
creating a trancelike or hypnotic effect.

a. Minimalist Music C. Electronic Instrument

b. Free Jazz D. Jazz

19. The sound is produced, modified or amplified by electronic means.

a. Minimalist Music C. Electronic Instrument

b. Free Jazz D. Jazz

20. The style that departs from traditional jazz is not being based on
regular forms and established chord patterns.

a. Minimalist Music C. Electronic Instrument

b. Free Jazz D. Jazz