Sei sulla pagina 1di 20

DRY CLEANING

DRY CLEANING
 In dry cleaning, solvents other than water are
used to remove soil from the fabric.
 The solvents used are:

(1) Perchloroethylene (perc or PCE)

(2) Petroleum solvent-hydrocarbons


(Stoddard’s solvent)
(3) Silicon based solvent

(4) Carbon dioxide based solvent

(5) Fluorocarbon solvent


DRY CLEANING
 Dry Cleaning is a process in which the articles
being cleaned are immersed in an organic
solvent cleansing fluid.
 Then tumbled in a machine, similar to home
laundering machine.
 The process is called dry cleaning because
the cleaning liquid is not water based and
does not wet the fabric as water does.
DRY CLEANING

 These solvents evaporate readily and dry


fabric at temperatures below body heat.
 The organic cleansing agent used in dry
cleaning is very effective for cleaning soil of
an oily nature (gravy, oily perspiration, hair
tonics, etc.),
 Only marginally effective for cleaning water
based soils (salt, sugar, fruit stains, etc.).
DRY CLEANING
 Moisture contained in clothes to be dry
cleaned, help water soluble soil be removed.
 In professional dry cleaning, articles are
carefully separated by color (dark or light) as
well as by delicacy of fabric, and put into
separate loads.
 The temperature of the solvents used in dry
cleaning is carefully controlled, barely
lukewarm(moderately) never reaching more
then 90°F(≈32°C).
DRY CLEANING
 The fluids are continuously circulated and
filtered to remove fiber particles and other
soils.
 For both economic and environmental
reasons, used dry cleaning solvents are not
discarded; instead, they are recycled and
reused.
 Solvents are purified, and accumulated soil is
removed either by filtration or distillation.
DRY CLEANING

 The purification process consists of distillation,


in which the solvent is boiled and vaporized.
 The pure solvent separates from the undesirable
ingredients and then condensed back into liquid
and reused.
 After clothes have been immersed in solvent,
they need to be dried.
DRY CLEANING

 The clothes dryer captures the vapor and


condenses it into pure solvent for reuse.
 The dry cleaning industry is eco-friendly with
the use of efficient machines, the recycling of
solvent, and the controlled disposal of waste.
 As the organic solvents used in dry cleaning
are non-aqueous (non water bearing), they do
not wet the fiber as does water.
DRY CLEANING
 Therefore, no fiber shrinkage or damage to
fibers occurs to fabrics such as rayon, which
has low wet strength.
 Further, there is no effect on most dyes or
finishes (although some pigments are sensitive
to dry cleaning fluids).
 The dryers used for dry cleaning are low
temperature units where drying
temperature is usually 100°F(≈38°C).
DRY CLEANING

 A better quality cleaning process will occur if


solvent detergents are added to the liquid
solvent.
 When this occurs, the system is called a Charged
System.
 Since some of the detergent is absorbed into the
garments, more detergent must be periodically
added to the system.
DRY CLEANING

 The detergent acts as a conditioning agent,


anti-static agent as well as an optical
brightener.
 The detergent can be automatically added
through the machine-injection system or by
hand.
LAUNDERING VS DRY CLEANING
 Although water and dry cleaning solvents are
both liquids, they have different properties.
 For example, grease and oily stains do not
dissolve in water, but do dissolve in solvent.
 Salt from perspiration does not dissolve in
solvent, but does in water.
 Thus dry cleaning is best for soil of an oily
nature such as gravy stains.
LAUNDERING VS DRY CLEANING
 Laundering is best for soil such as
perspiration stains and odor, and things like
mud, grass stains, and non-oily food soils
(e.g., ketchup, fruits).
 More textile products can be cleaned by either
laundering or dry cleaning, but some should
be cleaned by using only one method.
 A wool coat, for example, should not be
washed because the wool will felt and shrink
excessively in laundering water.
LAUNDERING VS DRY CLEANING

 A vinyl plastic raincoat should not be dry


cleaned because the result will be a stiff, brittle
material.
 The choice of which cleaning system to use is
determined by variables such as the type of dirt,
safety of the materials, and cost of cleaning.
DRY CLEANING

 List of materials which should not be dry-


cleaned:
(1) Vinyl plastics and vinyl-coated fabrics

(2) Polystyrene plastics

(3) Dyed leather trim

(4) Pigment-colored fabrics


DRY CLEANING

(5) Flocked, Bonded, Laminated or Cemented


components.
(6) Heavy and light fabrics
(7) Liquor, Coffee, Tea or Juice stained
WET CLEANING
 Due to the ecological concerns about few dry
cleaning agents like PCE and fluorocarbons,
professional wet cleaning is a commercial
alternative developed for dry cleaning.
 Almost every type of dry-cleanable fabric
can be wet-cleaned.
 Careful control of temperature, mechanical
action, moisture levels, soaps and other
cleaning additives is essential.
WET CLEANING
 Before cleaning, products are sorted by fabric
type, not color.
 They are checked for the presence of water-
soluble dyes. and stains are treated.
 The process is labor-intensive and more
costly than dyeing.
 Uses controlled applications of heat, steam
and natural soaps to clean textiles and
pressing techniques to restore the item’s
appearance.
WET CLEANING

 Even though water is used, these computer-


controlled wet-cleaning and drying machines
differ from home washing machines and
dryers.
 The item may not be fully immersed in water
during the process.
 Microwave drying is used to minimize
shrinkage during drying.
WET CLEANING

 About 80% of the items labeled “dry clean


only” can be wet-cleaned successfully.
 Wet cleaning provides the same cleaning
potential as dry cleaning, without the solvent
odor.
 Less capital is needed to open a plant, as the
process uses less-expensive equipment.
 No effluent problems.

Potrebbero piacerti anche