COMPUTER ESSENTIALS

OBJECTIVES

At the end of this course, the participants would be able to:

 Define computer and identify the four basic

computing functions.
 Identify the different types of computers.

 Describe hardware devices and its uses.

 Identify types of software and its uses.

 COMPUTER

 An advanced electronic device that takes raw

data as input from the user and processes it
under the control of set of instructions (program),
gives the result (output), and saves (store) it for
the future use.
COMPUTER
 COMPUTER
Functionalities of a Computer:
1. Input: Transferring of data into a computer
system.
2. Store: Storing of data/information/instructions in
the memory and use them when required.
3. Process: Manipulating and controlling of data and
converting it into useful information.
4. Output: Generating the output or displaying the
information.
 COMPUTER
Functionalities of a Computer:
It can summarized using the I-P-O + S diagram
COMPUTER

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

STORE
 DATA

 A collection of independent raw facts, numbers,

letters, symbols and any combination of these
that provide necessary requirements of a system
to achieve a result.
 DATA
Example: Juan dela Cruz
25
Quezon City
Single
January 11, 1991

Teacher
Male
 INFORMATION

 A data made meaningful based on the needs of

the user through manipulation.
 Also called processed data.
 INFORMATION
Data Juan dela Cruz
Example: 25
Quezon City
Single
January 11, 1991

Teacher
Male
 INFORMATION
Example: Juan
Full dela
Name: Cruz
25
Address:
Quezon City
Birthdate: Single
January 11, 1991
Civil Status: Age:

Teacher
Sex: MaleOccupation:
 TYPE OF COMPUTERS

 Desktop Computers – are

designed to be placed on a
desk, and they're typically
made up of a few different
parts, including the computer
case, monitor, keyboard,
and mouse.
 TYPE OF COMPUTERS

 Laptop Computers – also

known as notebooks, are
portable computers that you
can take with you and use in
different environments.
 TYPE OF COMPUTERS

 TabletComputers or tablets –
are handheld computers that
are even more portable than
laptops. Instead of a keyboard
and mouse, tablets use
a touch-sensitive screen for
typing and navigation.
 OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Smartphones: Many cell phones can do a lot of things

computers can do, including browsing the Internet and
playing games.
 OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Wearables: Wearable technology

is a general term for a group of
devices — including fitness
trackers and smartwatches —
that are designed to be worn
throughout the day.
 OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Gameconsoles: A game console is a specialized type of

computer that is used for playing video games on your TV.
 OTHER COMPUTER TYPES

 Smart TVs: Many TVs now include applications —or apps

— that let you access various types of online content. You
can stream video from the Internet directly onto your TV.
 COMPUTER SYSTEM
A computer system is made of:

Hardware – the physical  Software – the programs

components or list of instructions
 HARDWARE

Hardware represents the physical and tangible

components of a computer i.e. the components that
can be seen and touched.
Examples of hardware are following:
 Input devices - keyboard, mouse etc.
 Output devices - printer, monitor etc.
 Internal components - CPU, motherboard, RAM etc.
 Secondary storage devices - hard disk, CD, DVD etc.
 INPUT DEVICES

What is an Input?
What are the Input Devices?
 INPUT DEVICES

 Any data or instruction entered into the computer is

known as INPUT.
 An input device helps you to communicate with the
computer.
 To enter information and issue commands, you use
input devices.
 Examples of input devices:
 Keyboard  Microphone
 Mouse  Digital Camera
 Scanner and Web Camera
 KEYBOARD

 The keyboard is the most common and widely used

input device.
 MOUSE
– a pointer device
 Primary button – left button of the mouse.

 Secondary button – right button of the

mouse
 Scroll Wheel – located between the buttons
use to help you scroll thru documents and
webpages more easily.

Note: You will use the primary button most often.

 SCANNER

Ascanner is an input device

that reads printed text and
graphics and the image or
text obtained can be saved
or changed on the
computer.
 MICROPHONE

A microphone allows you

to record your voice to the
computer.
 CAMERA

 Records video and stores

images in digital form, which
can then be viewed on a
screen.
 OUTPUT DEVICES

What is an Output?
What are the Output Devices?
 OUTPUT DEVICES

 Computer is fed with a lot of data to be processed

and organized.
 The data that has been processed into a useful form
is called OUTPUT.
 Examples of output devices are:
 Monitor  Speaker
 Printer  Headphone
 MONITOR

 A monitor is an output device similar to a television

screen.
 PRINTER

Printer is an output device that print text and

graphics from a computer onto paper.
 SPEAKERS

A speaker allows you to hear the sound generated

by your computer.
 HEADPHONE

Headphone is used to listen to music and sounds.

 INTERNAL COMPONENTS

What are the

Internal Components?
 CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT

CPU is considered as the brain of

the computer.
CPU performs all types of data
processing operations.
 MOTHER BOARD

The motherboard serves as a single

platform to connect all of the parts
of a computer together.
 RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

 Alternatively referred to as main

memory, primary memory, or
system memory, Random Access
Memory (RAM).
 SECONDARY STORAGE

What are the

Secondary Storage Devices?
 SECONDARY STORAGE

 Also known as the secondary

memory which serves as the storage
area of the computer system.
 Hard Disk
 USB Flash Drive
 CD (Compact Disk)
 DVD (Digital Versatile Disk or Digital Video
Disk)
 Memory Card / SD Card
 Online File Storage
 SOFTWARE

is any set of instructions that tells the hardware

what to do. It is what guides the hardware and tells
it how to accomplish each task.
Some examples of software include web browsers,
games, and word processors.
 OPERATING SYSTEM

An operating system (OS) is software that starts up

a computer and keeps it running and responding to
your commands.
 OPERATING SYSTEM

Runs applications (useful programs like word

processors, calculators, and so on) and enables you
to interact with them.
Creates and maintains the user interface that you
see onscreen, such as the icons you click and the
dialog boxes you see.
 OPERATING SYSTEM
Examples of Operating System
 PEOPLEWARE

Personnel involved in the design, development,

installation and maintenance of computer
 Users
 Programmers
 Systems Analyst
 System/Network Administrator
 ASSIGNMENT

 Four basic computing functions.

 Other internal components of the computer.
 Latest Operating System.