Coming of the Unites

States
(CHAPTER 19)

PRESENTED BY:
MARK DENIEL YCO
Spanish- American War (1898)
February 18, 1898
the blowing up of the U.S. battle ship marine at the harbor of
Havana, Cuba
Is the primarily cause of this war.
April 19, 1898
The U.S. Congress passed several resolutions demanding that
the Spain evacuate Cuban soil.
April 24, 1998
Spain declared war against the United States, and on the
following day the Congress declared a war on Spain.
The Battle of Manila Bay
George Dewey
Who ordered to proceed at once to the Philippines and destroy the
Spanish Fleet.
May 1, 1898
The battle of Manila Bay began at 5 41 A.M. and ended at noon.
The Spanish casualties of Admiral Patricio Montojo were 167 killed and
214 wounded.
George Dewey became a popular hero, and Congress promoted him to
rear- admiral and later admiral. Dewey’s victory marked the end of Spain
as a world power.
. They All efforts of Spain to gain Filipino support Failed. The Filipinos no
longer desired reforms freedom.
 Filipino-American Collaboration
General Aguinaldo had a secret interviews with the American consul-general, Mr.
E, Spencer Pratt, regarding American Collaboration against Spain.
Mr. William Gray acted as the interpreter of Aguinaldo-Pratt interviews.
Aguinaldo also held several conferences with the American cossul-general, Mr.
Rounceville Wildman. He gave money to Consul Wildman for the purchase of arms
for the Filipinos
The return of Aguinaldo
Aguinaldo arrive at Cavite on May 19, 1898. Immediately after his arrival, he
conferred with Dewey, Dewey was delighted to see him.
May 29, 1898 – Aguinaldo repulsed the Spanish marines at Alapang, near Kawit.
During the ensuing days the Spanish force were routed in Bataan, Cavite, Bulacan,
Pampanga, Laguna, Batangas , Tayabas and other provinces.
Manila Besieged by Filipinos
The capture of Manila was the chief objective of Aguinaldo. His troops,
commanded by General Gregorio del Pilar, Pio del Pilar, Artemio
Ricarte, Antonio Montenegro, Panteleon Garcia, and Mariano Noriel.
The people of Manila suffered terribly during the siege. Food and
water supply has been cut off by Aguinaldo’s men. The city populace
had to drink rain water and water from Pasig River. Food became
scarce, the hungry people had to eat horseflesh, dogs, cats, and rats.
After the Dewey’s victory the neutral powers – England, Germany,
France, Japan sent their fleets to Manila Bay in order to protect their
respective interest in the Philippines.
Indirect contrast to the German squadron’s unfriendly behaviour, the
English, French, and Japanese fleets respected the Blockade.
The Aguinaldo Dictatorship
Aguinaldo ha brought with from Hong Kong a constitution providing for
a federal republic. This constitution was written by Mariano Ponce, his
adviser convinced him that the country was not ready for a republic
and that a dictatorship was needed.
May, 24, 1898
Aguinaldo established the Dictatorial Government with him as dictator.
He proclaimed that this Dictatorial Government was temporary and
was to last only until a republic could be established.
Proclamation of the Philippine Independence
On Kawit, Cavite June 12, 1898 the most significant achievement of
the Dictatorial Government was the proclamation of the Philippine
Independence. The ceremony was held at the balcony of General
Aguinaldo’s residence.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista solemnly read the ‘Act of the Declaration
of Independence’’. The declaration was signed by 98 persons.
The Filipino Flag
It was made in Hong Kong by Mrs. Marcela de
Aguincillo. Mrs. Agincillo sewed it with the
helped of her daughter Lorenza and Mrs.
Josefina Herbosa de Natividad.
The white triangle stands for equality.
The upper blue for peace, truth, and justice.
Lower red for patriotism and valor.
The sunburst of eight rays inside the triangle
represented the first eight provinces that took
up arms against Spain.
The three stars symbolized Luzon, Visayas, and
Mindanao
 The Philippine National Anthem
It was composed by Julian Felipe, a Filipino Music teacher and the
composer pf Cavite. He finished it on July 11, 1898. On the following day
the music band of San Francisco de Malabon played it for the first time.
Towards the end of the August 1898, Jose Palma wrote the poem entitled
Filipinas.

The Revolutionary Government

Apolinario Mabini became the adviser of the General Aguinaldo. He is also
called ‘Brains of the Philippine Revolution’.
June 23, 1998 upon Mabini’s advice, general Aguinaldo Changed the
Dictatorial Government to the Revolutionary Government.
Secret Negotiation for Manila’s Surrender
On August 5, 1898, General Fermin Jaudenes Succeeded General Basilio Agustin as governor
general of the Philppines.
Jaudunes , through the Belgian consul, Edouard Andre, secretly told Dewey and Merritt the he
would Surrender after a little fight to save Spain’s Honor.
The Capture of Manila
August 18, 1898 the so called ‘Battle of Manila’’ began.Naturally the Filipinos generals and their
soldiers resented their exclusion in the joyous celebration of the taking of Manila.
End of the Filipino-American Collaboration
The capture of the Manila marked the end of Filipino-American collaboration. The Filipino
troops deeply resented the American action of preventing their entry into the city.
End of Spanish Rule
General Diego de los Rios became the governor general, succeeding Jaudenes. He was the last
Spanish governor general in the Philippines.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Spain and the United States sent delegates to the Paris talks to draw up the peace treaty ending
the Spanish-American war. It was signed on December 10. 1898
The main provision of the treaty were as follows:
Spain ceded the Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico to the United states
The U.S.paid the sum of 20 million dollar to Spain
Spain withdrew from Cuba
The civil and political status of the inhabitants in the ceded territories would b determined by
the U.S. congress.