The Executive Branch of the

Philippine Government
-The National Government of the country
consists of Three interdependent, co-equal and
coordinate branches:

• EXECUTIVE
• LEGISLATIVE
• JUDICIAL
 EXECUTIVE POWER

-also known as RULE IMPLEMENTATION is

vested in the President, who is both head of the
State and Head of the Government.

-Executive power or the power to administer

and enforce laws and ensure are observed by
the people is entrusted by our Constitution of
the President of the Philippines.
THE PRESIDENT OF THE
PHILIPPINES
 EMILIO AGUINALDO
(1899-1901)
• He proclaimed the independence of the Philippines on June
12, 1898.
• He led the protest against American occupation until his
capture in 1901 by US General Frederick Funston.
• Designed the Philippine flag which was waved at Kawit, Cavite
on July 12, 1898.
• President of the Revolutionary Government after the
Congress was formed in Malolos and ratified its independence
and constitution on January 21, 1899.
• Retired as a citizen after the founding of the US colonial
government.
• Established the Asociacion de los Veteranos de la Revolucion,
an organization of Spanish and American combatants to
benefit.
 MANUEL L. QUEZON
(1935-1944)

• Manuel L. Quezon has been called the “Ama ng Wikang

Pambansa“.
• He established the Women's Suffrage Act.
• He established the National Defense Act.
• Also under the Commonwealth Government, the economy
and labor are stimulated by the Minimum Wage Law , the
Eight-Hour Labor Law, Tenant Act, and other laws and
guidelines.
 Jose P. Laurel
(1943-1945)
• President of the Republic of the Philippines” it began to be used under the
leadership of President Jose P. Laurel.
• Laurel is the leader in the passage of the Bill of Rights provisions of our
Constitution.
• Although known as president, Laurel also served as a magistrate of the Supreme
Court. In fact, he is recognized as one of the finest Supreme Court Justices in the
history of the country.
• During the Japanese occupation, after President Manuel Quezon left the country, a
Provisional Government was formed. This is the Second Philippine Republic, which
he leads.
• Under his rule, hunger was the greatest problem he faced during the war.
• Despite the turmoil, President Laurel's administration continued while we were
under Japanese occupation.
• In1944, by Proclamation No. 21, Laurel promotes Martial Law in the country. This
was followed by Proclamation No. 30, declaring the Philippines' war against
America and the United Kingdom. Because of the events under the Laurel
Government, many Filipinos are opposed to his leadership.
 Sergio Osmena
(1944-1946)

• He was Vice President under Manuel L. Quezon. Upon

Quezon's sudden death in 1944, Osmeña succeeded him, at
age 65.
• MacArthur immediately transferred authority to Osmeña, the
successor of Manuel Quezon, as Philippine Commonwealth
president.
• COMMONWEALTH PERIOD (American Period)
• proposed the creation of the People's Court to investigate all
Filipinos suspected of disloyalty or treason
 Manuel Roxas
(1946-1948)

-fifth President of the Philippines who served from

1946 until his death in 1948.
-third and last President of the Commonwealth of the
Philippines from May 28, 1946 to July 4, 1946
-Accepted by the Congress. Philippine Rehabilitation
Act, and the Bell Trade Act or Philippine Trade Act.
-first President of the independent Third Philippine
Republic after the United States ceded its sovereignty
over the Philippines.
-Successful in getting rehabilitation funds from the
United States after independence.
 Elpidio Quirino
(1948–1953)
• Accession
• New capital city
• HukBaLaHap
• Fireside chats
• Impeachment attempt
• 1949 presidential election
• Baguio Conference
• HukBaLaHap continued re-insurgence
• Peace campaign
• 1951 midterm election
• 1953 presidential election
• Domestic policies
• Economy
• Social program
• Agrarian reform
• Integrity Board
• Foreign policies
• Quirino's administration excelled in diplomacy.
 Ramon Magsaysay
• December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957
• In the election of 1953, Magsaysay was decisively elected president
over the incumbent Elpidio Quirino. He was sworn into office
wearing the Barong Tagalog, a first by a Philippine president. He
was then called "Mambo Magsaysay".
• Domestic policies
• President's Inauguration Day
• Agrarian reform
• Foreign policies
• SEATO
• Defense Council
• Laurel-Langley Agreement
• Bandung Conference
• Reparation agreement
• Death
• Magsaysay's term, which was to end on December 30, 1957, was
cut short by a plane crash.
 Carlos P. Garcia
• Born: November 4, 1896, Talibon
• Died: 14 June 1971, Quezon City
• Full name: Carlos Polestico García
• Presidential term: 18 March 1957 – 30 December 1961
• Contributions and Achievements:
• known for “Filipino First Policy,” which favored Filipino businesses over foreign investors
• established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce
• known as the “Prince of Visayan Poets” and the “Bard from Bohol”
• cultural arts was revived during his term
• was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani
Diosdado Macapagal
• Born: 28 September 1910, Lubao
• Died: 21 April 1997, Makati Medical Center, Makati
• Full name: Diosdado Pangan Macapagal
• Presidential term: 30 December 1961 – 30 December 1965
• Contributions and Achievements:
• established the first Land Reform Law, allowing for the purchase of private
farmland to be distributed in inexpensive, small lots to the landless
• placed the Philippine peso on the currency exchange market
• declared June 12, 1898 to be Philippines’ Independence Day
• signed the Minimum Wage Law
• created the Philippine Veteran’s Bank
 Ferdinand Marcos
• Born: 11 September 1917, Sarrat
• Died: 28 September 1989, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
• Full name: Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos
• Presidential term: 30 December 1965 – 25 February 1986
• Contributions and Achievements:
• first president to win a second term
• declared Martial Law on Sept. 22, 1972
• increased the size of Philippine military and armed forces
• by 1980 the Philippine GNP was four times greater than 1972
• by 1986 the Philippines was one of the most indebted countries in
Asia
• built more schools, roads, bridges, hospitals, and other
infrastructure than all former presidents combined
• the only president whose remains are interred inside a refrigerated
crypt
 Corazon Aquino
(1986-1992)
-The Local Government Code of 1991;
-The Family Code of 1987;
-The Administrative Code of 1987 and;
-The Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Act of 1987
- Performance of the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS)
Fidel V. Ramos
(1992-1998)
- 1993: put an end to the power crisis that crippled Filipinos homes and
industries for two years
- The Philippine economy recovered dramatically during the years 1993-1997
- Agreement to military rebels and the secessionist moro national liberation
front
Joseph Estrada
(1998-2001)
- The organization of PAOCTF (presidential anti organized crime task force)
- PCTC (Philippine center on Transnational Crime)
- Redirection of Land Bank funds
 Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
(2001 - 2010)
• oversaw higher economic growth than the past three presidents before
her
• Peso became the best performing currency of the year in Asia in 2007
• EVAT (expanded Value Added Tax) Law was implemented under her term.
EVAT is one of the most recent instruments of fiscal reform in the
Philippines Also known RA 9337, the law implemented taxation on
commodities that in the past were tax exempt, such as petroleum,
electricity and services to name a few.
•
Benigno Aquino III
(2010 - 2016)
• created the no “wang wang” (street siren) policy
• initiated K–12 education in the Philippines
• suspended allowances and bonuses to Government Owed and Controlled
Corporation and Government Financial Institution board members
• oversaw 7.1% growth of the Philippine economy in 2012
 TITLE
-The official title of the president is the “President
of the Philippines”.
-The term “President of the Philippines” was first
used by Pres. Jose P. Laurel.
-When president Marcos proclaimed Martial Law,
he used the title “President of the Republic of the
Philippines” to distinguish his government from the
previous regimes, which was later on specified in
the 1973 Constitution.
-The 1987 Constitution restored the more
traditional title, “President of the Philippines”.
Official Residence
The official residence of the Philippines is the
Malacanang Palace, which is required under Section 6 of Article
VII of the 1987 Constitution. While Malacanang is referred to as
the official residence of the President, it also serves as his/her
office.

Assumption into Office

The elected President and Vice-President assume their
office at the beginning of their terms.
Prior to execution of office, the constitution requires the
President and Vice-President to take the following oath( Article
VII, Sec.5):
“I do solemnly swear that I will faithfully and
conscientiously fulfill my duties as President of the Philippines,
preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice
to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation.
So help me God.”
• Terms of Office
Both the President and Vice-President are elected by a direct vote of
the Filipino people for a term of six years. The President is not eligible for
reelection while the Vice-President cannot serve for more than two terms.
• Compensation
The salaries of the president and Vice-President are determined by
law and are not decreased during their tenure. At present the President
receives an annual income of 300,000 PhP per annum, while Vice-President
receives an annual income of 240,000 PhP yearly. No increase in said
compensation shall take effect until after the expiration of the term of the
incumbent during which such increase was approved. They shall not receive
during their tenure any other emolument from the Government or any other
source.
• State of the Nation Address
The President of the Philippines is mandated to address Congress at
the opening of its regular session through his/her State of the Nation
Address(SONA) (Article VII, Sec. 23) . It is through the SONA that the
President reports the status of the nation and informs both chambers of
Congress of his/her legislative agenda. Most often, the SONA is always an
opportunity for opposition parties and civil groups to protest against the
government.
Qualifications for Election into Office
• A Filipino desiring to run for the presidency has to possess the following
qualifications ( Article VII, Sec.2)
• A natural born citizen of the Philippines
• A registered voter
• Able to read and write
• Atleast 40 years of age on the day of the election and
• A resident of the Philippines for at least 10 years immediately preceding
such election.
POWER OF THE PRESIDENT
• As Chief Executive of the country, The President of the Philippines
exercises the following powers:
• Power of Appointment
• Power of Removal
• Power of Control
• Power of Supervision
THE MILITARY POWER

• The military power enables the President to:

• command all the armed forces of the Philippines;
• suspend the privilege of the write of habeas corpus;
and
• declare martial law
• Power of Executive Clemency
The President is given by the Constitution the
power to grant reprieves, commutations and
pardons, and remit fines and after conviction by
final judgement except when he/she is under
impeachment. Based on foregoing it is clear that
President is empowered to grant four kinds of
executive clemency.
• Remissions of fines and forfeitures
• Reprieve
• Commutation
• Pardon
• Diplomatic or Foreign Relations Power
As head of the state, President is the chief
diplomatic officer of the country. Being the country’s
Chief Diplomat, the President exercises the following
powers:
• Power to recognized newly-established government or
state;
• Power to send and receive diplomatic missions;
• Power to deport undesirable aliens; and
• Power to enter treaty and international agreement,
subject to ratification by 2/3 of the Senate; and
• Power to contract or guarantee foreign loans on behalf
of the Republic of the Philippines with prior
concurrence of the Monetary Board.
• Budgetary Power
The President is mandated by the Constitution to
submit to Congress within thirty days from the opening of the
regular session, as basis of the General Appropriation Bill, a
budget of expenditures and sources of financing, including
receipts from existing and proposed revenue measures.
• Constitutional Safeguards to Prevent Abuse of Presidential
Powers
The Constitution provides many clauses intended to
prevent the repetition of abuses committed by former
President Marcos. Some of these are the following:
- The President’s spouse cannot be appointed to any
government post;
- The public must be informed if President becomes seriously
ill;
- The President is prohibited from owning a company that
does business with the government; and
- The armed forces must be recruited proportionately from all
provinces and cities as far as is practicable.
• There are also constitutional safeguards to prevent the
President from ruling indefinitely under emergency
powers. Notable among these safeguards are as
follows:
- Martial law may be proclaimed by the President,
but only for 60 days.
- Congress, however, can revoke martial law by a
simple majority vote.
- The Supreme Court may review and invalidate a
presidential proclamation of martial law.
- The President and Vice-President are not elected
as a team.
 Succession of the Presidency
• At the Beginning of the Term
Under Article VII, Section 7 of the 1987 Constitution, in
case the president – elect fails to qualify, the Vice-President shall
as President Until the President-elect shall have qualified. If at
the beginning of the term of the President, the President-elect
shall have died or shall have become permanently disabled, the
Vice-President shall become President.
• During the Term
The rules of succession to the Presidency are clearly
stipulated under Article VII, Section 8 and 11. In case of Death,
permanent disability, removal from office, or resignation of the
President, the Vice-President becomes the President to serve the
unexpired term. In case of death, permanent disability, removal
from office, or resignation of both the President and Vice-
President; the President or, in case of his inability, the Speaker of
the House of Representative, shall then act as President until the
President or Vice-President shall have been elected and
qualified.
• Removal from Office
Both the President and Vice-President may be
removed from office by impeachment (Article XI, Sec.2)
to be initiated by the House of Representatives (Article XI,
Sec. 3), President and Vice-President are as follows:
• Culpable violation of the of the Constitution
• Treason
• Bribery
• Graft and Corruption
• Betrayal of public trust
• Other High crimes