Conceptual framework civics

Human rights
• Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race,
sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status.
• Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination.
• the obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from
certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and
fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.
• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone
document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with
different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the
Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in
Paris on 10 December 1948 by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) as a
common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations.
Human rights
• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
freedom of movement; equality before the law; the right to a fair trial and presumption of
innocence; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and expression;
peaceful assembly; freedom of association; participation in public affairs and elections; and
protection of minority rights. It prohibits arbitrary deprivation of life; torture, cruel or degrading
treatment or punishment; slavery and forced labour; arbitrary arrest or detention; arbitrary
interference with privacy; war propaganda; discrimination; and advocacy of racial or religious
hatred.

• the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights:

1. the right to work in just and favourable conditions;
2. the right to social protection, to an adequate standard of living and to the highest attainable
standards of physical and mental well-being;
3. the right to education and the enjoyment of benefits of cultural freedom and scientific
progress.
Gender
• Gender refers to the socially constructed characteristics of women and
men – such as norms, roles and relationships of and between groups of
women and men.
• It varies from society to society and can be changed.
• While most people are born either male or female, they are taught
appropriate norms and behaviours – including how they should interact
with others of the same or opposite sex within households, communities
and work places.
• When individuals or groups do not “fit” established gender norms they
often face stigma, discriminatory practices or social exclusion – all of which
adversely affect health. It is important to be sensitive to different identities
that do not necessarily fit into binary male or female sex categories.
Gender