Principle of Refrigeration

● Refrigeration is a process of transferring heat from one area to

another.
● If we remove heat from one substance, it becomes cold, and
cold is merely the absence of heat.
● The removal of heat in a substance prevents the multiplication
of microbes that contributes major cause of food spoilage.
● The prime application of refrigeration is for the preservation of
food.
Artificial Refrigeration

MECHANICAL
REFRIGERATION ABSORPTION SYSTEM
(VAPOR
COMPRESSION)
Mechanical Refrigeration
(Vapor Compression)
 1. The mechanical Refrigeration System
• The mechanical refrigeration system or the vapor -
compression system has four stages taking place in following
refrigeration components;

3
HEAT OUT HEAT IN
2 4
1
Compressor
● the "heart " of the system.
● It compresses the low- pressure gas refrigerant into high-
pressure gas refrigerant, thus increasing the temperature.
● It lowers the pressure in the evaporator.
● Keeps the refrigerant moving in the system.
Evaporator
● It is a coil where the heat is being absorbed in order that it may
be removed and transferred to the condenser.
● Known as "freezer", cooling coil or chilling unit.
● It can be found in the low-pressure side of the system.

Heat IN
Condenser

● It is also a coil of tubes where heat being absorbed in the

evaporator discharge into the atmosphere.
● It can be found in the high pressure side of the system.

Heat OUT
Expansion Valve
● A metering device that controls the flow of refrigerant to the
evaporator.
● It reduces the high pressure liquid refrigerant to a low pressure
liquid refrigerant in the correct quantities to operate the
system at maximum efficiency and without overloading the
compressor.
Refrigerant
● If the compressor is the "heart" of the system, the refrigerant is
the "blood" of the system.
● A refrigerant is a fluid that easily boils at a lower temperature.
● It absorbs heat in the evaporator and discharges it into the
condenser.
Refrigeration Cycle
Absorption System of Refrigeration
Absorption System
The absorption cycle is a process by which refrigeration
effect is produced through the use of two fluids and some
quantity of heat input, rather than electrical input as in the
more familiar vapor compression cycle.
 In the absorption system, a secondary
fluid or absorbent is used to circulate the refrigerant. Because
the temperature requirements for the cycle fall into the low-to-
moderate temperature range, and there is significant potential
for electrical energy savings.
 Principle of Operation

● Heat from the gas

heater causes the
ammonia gas, water
vapor and a weak
solution of ammonia
to go into the
SEPARATOR.
● Water flows into
the absorber.
● Ammonia gas
goes to the
CONDENSER, is
cooled and
become liquid
ammonia.
● In the EVAPORATOR
coils, in contact with
hydrogen it changes
to a gas and absorbs
heat.
● The gas returns to the
ABSORBER and is
dissolved in water and
repeats the cycle.
● The hydrogen is not
dissolved but returns
to the
EVAPORATOR.