Step-by-Step Guide on Risk Management

For Marine Industries

 Contents
Legends

Objectives

Risk Management Regulations

Overview of Risk Management

Roles and Responsibilities

Risk Management Process

References

Note: Please click ( ) on the individual tab for more information

Legends

Risk Management (RM) RM Members RM Team

Leader

Risk Assessment (RA) RA Members RA Team

Leader

Forms Samples Video Clips

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Objectives

• This Guide aims to provide basic guidance

in implementing risk management (RM) at
workplaces.

• Potential incidents can be prevented when

hazards are identified and risks are
managed.

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Risk Management Regulations

• The WSH (Risk Management) Regulations

is one of the key components of the
Workplace Safety and Health (WSH) Act.

• Under the Regulations, all workplaces are

required to conduct risk assessments for
routine and non-routine work.

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Overview of Risk Management

Risk Management involves

• identifying and analysing safety and health
hazards associated with work;

• assessing the risks involved;

• prioritising measures to control the hazards and

reduce the risks;

• controlling and monitoring the risks; and

• communicating these risks to all affected persons.

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Roles and Responsibilities

Employer
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer
TASK DETAILS
 Risk  Ensure RA is conducted and available for all work activities
Assessment  Require RA updates to be provided in regular meetings
(RA) (eg: WSH Committee Meeting)
 Ensure RA is reviewed / revised at least once every 3
years, or when there is
- an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence;
- a significant change in work processes, facilities, work
practices or work procedures, or change in workplace
condition and layout; or
- new information on WSH risks

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 Employer
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employer
TASK DETAILS
 Risk Control  Require all reasonably practicable steps to be taken to
Measures (RCM) eliminate/minimize any foreseeable risk
 Require RCM to be implemented according to the
hierarchy of control
 Support the implementation of RCM
 Risk Register  Require Risk Register to be updated and available at all
time
 RA Records  Ensure RA records are kept for 3 years from the approval
date
 Contractors /  Require contractors / suppliers to conduct RA and
suppliers implement risk control measures for work carried out by
them at the workplace
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 Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager
TASK DETAILS
 Risk  Ensure RA is carried out and available for all work
Assessment activities
(RA)  Approve RA and ensure risk level is not rated ‘high risk’
 Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years from the
approval date, or when there is
- an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence;
- a significant change in the work processes, facilities,
work practices or work procedures, or change in
workplace condition and layout; or
- new information on WSH risk

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 Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager
TASK DETAILS
 Risk Control  Prepare an action plan to implement RCM
Measures (RCM)  Ensure RCM are carried out and monitor their
effectiveness
 Ensure safe work procedures (SWP) are available for all
operations and implemented
 Review RA if the RCM are inadequate and ineffective
 Risk Register  Ensure risk register is updated and available at all time

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 Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Manager
TASK DETAILS
 RA Records  Maintain and update RA records
 Keep RA records for 3 years from the approval date

 Contractors /  Ensure contractors / suppliers conduct RA and implement

suppliers risk control measures for work carried out by them within
the workplace
 Communication  Ensure all persons exposed to the risks are informed of :
- the nature of the risks
- risk control measures
- safe work procedures

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 Human Resource Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Human Resource Manager1
TASK DETAILS
 Recruitment &  Ensure that a robust recruitment process is in place to
Orientation choose suitable job candidates who are able to meet
position requirements and WSH obligations
 Ensure that all new employees are given appropriate and
sufficient orientation, and WSH training to equip them with
the relevant knowledge, skills and abilities to succeed in
their positions
 Communication  Specify safety and health responsibilities in the job
descriptions of employees
 Ensure that these responsibilities are effectively
communicated to all employees
 Support the Employer and Manager to ensure that RA,
risk control measures and SWPs are effectively
communicated to all employees.
1Inthe absence of a Human Resource Manager in the organisation, the equivalent person undertaking such a work
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profile of the Human Resource Manager should execute the duties mentioned above
 Human Resource Manager
Roles and Responsibilities of a Human Resource Manager
TASK DETAILS

 Documentation  Ensure that WSH training and other related RA records

are documented

 Safety and  Work with the Manager and RM or RA Leaders to

Health consider safety and health outcomes in employees’
Outcomes performance evaluation, remuneration and discipline, and
to ensure consistent behaviour and practices in line with
organisational expectations, where applicable

 Implementation  Implement programmes that support and maintain

employees’ safety, health and wellbeing

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 Employee
Roles and Responsibilities of an Employee
TASK DETAILS
 Risk  Understand the hazards and possible injury / ill-health for
Assessment carrying out activities assigned to him
(RA)
 Risk Control  Comply with all risk control measures
Measures (RCM)  Adhere to safe work procedures established at the
workplace
 Communication  Inform Manager of :
- new hazards / risks and ways to reduce hazards / risks, or
- any shortcomings in the safe work procedures or risk
control measures
 Report any unsafe behaviour of other workers

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Risk Management Process

I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Gather Relevant Information
III. Identify Tasks of Each Process

I. Hazard Identification
2 Risk Assessment II. Risk Evaluation
III. Risk Control

Communicate
I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval
II. Implement Control Measures
3 Implementation III. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections

I. Must be Available upon Request

4 Record-keeping II. Kept for at least 3 years

5 Review I. Review RA on a Regular Basis

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

I. Form Team
A. Appointment of RM Team
A1. Employer to:
• Appoint a RM Leader
• Appoint RM Members
• Ensure RM Team is trained and competent in risk management
• Engage RM Consultant to assist RM Team if further assistance
is required

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

A2. Prerequisite and Roles of a: RM Leader

Prerequisite Roles
• Senior member of the workplace • Lead and coordinate RM
• Good knowledge of work activities implementation

• Competent in RM • Provide RA updates and risk control

measures to employer
• Attended a RM course
• Obtain approval from Employer /
Manager for the implementation of
risk control measures

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

A3. Prerequisite and Composition of :

RM Members

Prerequisite Composition
• Good knowledge of work activities • Comprise staff/workers from
• Competent in RM different levels, discipline and work
areas, where suitable
• Attended a RM course
• E.g.: Management staff, engineers,
managers, RA Leaders, technical
personnel, supervisors and WSH
personnel etc

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

A4. Main Function of RM Team:

Function
RM Leader
• Understand the workplace
processes
• Set RM objectives
• Set RA boundaries, e.g.: by
- department
- function
- work activity
• Assign RA Teams to conduct RA for
specific areas
RM Members • Decide on hazards review period
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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

B. Appointment of RA Team
B1. RM Team to:
• Appoint RA Leaders among the RM Members
• Assist RA Leaders if further assistance is needed

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

B2. Prerequisite and Roles of a : RA Leader

Prerequisite Roles
• A member of RM Team • Form RA Team
• Lead and co-ordinate RA
implementation
• Provide update to RM Team on RA
implementation and risk control
measures

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

B3. Prerequisite and Composition of :

RA Members

Prerequisite Composition
• Good knowledge of the work • Comprise staff/workers involved in
activities the work, as well as contractors,
suppliers and other persons who
are familiar with the work

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

B4. Main Function of RA Team

RA Leader
Function
• Conduct RA within the areas
assigned by RM Team
• Determine if the hazards could
bring harm beyond their work area
• Prepare Inventory of Work Activities

RA Members

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

Relationship between RM Team and RA Team

RM Team

RA Leader RA Leader
who is also who is also
a RM a RM
Member Member
RA Team RA Team

Note: A RM Member is not necessary a RA Leader 24/50

 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

II. Identify Tasks of Each Process

A. RM Team to set RA scope
• Divide the workplace into few a distinct areas
• Assign RA Team for each distinct area

B. RA Team to prepare Inventory of Work Activity (IWA)

• Prepare IWA form for area(s) assigned by RM Team
• IWA form to include activity inventory, location, process and
activity

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

III. Gather Relevant Information

A. RM Team to gather information related to RM scoping :
• Workplace layout plan
• Process or work flowchart
• List of work activities in the process

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 I. Form Team
1 Preparation II. Identify Tasks of Each Process
III.Gather Relevant Information

B. RA Teams to gather information on RA process :

• List of tools, machinery and chemicals used
• Records of past incidents & accidents
• Observations, interviews and feedback on WSH related matters
• WSH inspection records and audit reports
• Manufacturer’s instruction manual including safety data sheets
• Relevant legislation, Codes of Practice and specifications
• Details of existing risk control measures
• Safe work procedures
• Copies of previous RA
• Medical conditions (e.g. allergy) of workers
• Past training records of employees
Note: The above information ONLY serve as a guide
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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

Risk Assessment is a process of :

• Identifying and analysing safety and health hazards associated
with work;
• Assessing the risks involved; and
• Prioritising measures to control the hazards and reduce the risks

Risk Assessment must be available for all work activities

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

I. Hazard Identification
A. What is a Hazard ?
• Anything, any source or any situation with the potential
to cause bodily injury or ill-health

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B. How to Identify Hazard?

B1. RA Leader to determine ways to identify hazards
• brainstorming • process hazard analysis

• process review • job observations & job safety analysis

B2. RA Team to determine sources of hazards
• physical • chemical
• mechanical • biological
• electrical • psychosocial
B3. RA Team to consider if the hazards could cause harm beyond
their immediate area of work

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B. How to Identify Hazard?

B4. Organisational Culture and Personal Risk Factors
• RA should consider organisational culture and personal risk
factors that could compromise employees’ work ability and
safety (e.g., decreased mental alertness, fatigue, loss of
concentration).
• Risk control measures can be implemented to take into account
varying perceptions and behaviour.
• Examples of Work Organisation Factors:
– excessive workload – lack of adequate training
– prolonged working hours – inadequate acclimatisation
to hot work environments
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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B. How to Identify Hazard?

• Examples of Individual Health Risk Factors:
– health risks uncovered from medical examinations
– individual susceptibility to certain health risks
– smoking as a risk factor for many diseases
– health effects of alcohol misuse

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

C. How to Identify Risk?

C1. List all work activities from the Inventory of Work Activities (IWA)
form in the ‘Sub-Activity’ column

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

C2. List all hazards for each work activity in the ‘Hazard’ column

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

C3. List all possible injuries / ill-health in the ‘Possible Injury /

Ill-health’ column

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

II. Risk Evaluation

A. What is a Risk?
• The likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific bodily
injury to any person

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B. How to Evaluate Risk?

B1. List all existing control measures for each injury / ill-health in the
‘Existing Risk Controls’ column

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B2. Rate the most likely severity outcome of the injury in the ‘S’ column
B3. Rate the likelihood that the hazard may cause the injury/ill-health in the ‘L’ column
B4. Multiply the ‘S’ and ‘L’ columns in the Risk Prioritisation Number (RPN) column

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B5. Compare the ‘RPN’ against the Risk Matrix

B6. RA Team to take action according to the recommended actions
based on the current risk level

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (1 of 2)

A guide to severity rating

A guide to likelihood rating

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

Risk Evaluation based on Code of Practice on Risk Management (2 of 2)

5x5 Risk matrix with
numeric ratings

Recommended action for

risk levels

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

Risk Evaluation for Health Hazards

• Estimate employees’ exposure to health hazards where
appropriate via established qualitative or quantitative
assessments
• Compare exposure estimates to established Permissible
Exposure Level (PEL) or other health standards to establish
likelihood of ill-health effects
• Consider relevant risk factors (see slides 43 and 44)
• Consider other factors such as potential cumulative
exposure and synergistic effects, where applicable

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

Risk Factors of Health Hazards (1 of 2)

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

Risk Factors of Health Hazards (2 of 2)

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

III. Risk Control

A. What is Additional Risk Control?
• To eliminate, reduce or confine the risk to an acceptable level

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B. How to Control Risk?

B1. Consider more effective measures in the hierarchy of control

Most
ELIMINATION Effective Change the Work Process

Replace Metal Gears with Pulley

SUBSTITUTION
with Belt

Implement Noisy Machine

ENGINEERING CONTROLS
Enclosure

ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS Implement Work Rotation

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE Least

Effective Provide Hearing Protectors
EQUIPMENT

Hierarchy of Control Examples for Noise Control

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B2. List all possible controls in the ‘Additional Controls’ column

B3. Re-evaluate severity ‘S’, likelihood ‘L’ and ‘RPN’ scores

New risk level

(Note: New risk level
should not be higher after
Existing
the additional controls)
risk level

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 I. Hazard Identification
Risk
2 Assessment
II. Risk Evaluation
III.Risk Control

B4. Identify specific person to lead the implementation of additional

controls and due date
B5. Record due-date for implementation
B6. Implementation person to provide progress updates to RA Team

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 I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and
Implementation
3 and Review III.
their Controls
Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

I. Obtain Employer / Management Approval

Manager to :
• Approve RA form
• Prepare an action plan to implement the measures
• Implement the recommended risk control measures
• Monitor the action plan

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 I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and
Implementation
3 and Review III.
their Controls
Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

II. Communicate the Hazards and their Controls

Manager to Inform All Persons Exposed to the Risk about :
• The nature of risks
• Any measures / safe work procedures implemented
• Means to minimise / eliminate the risks

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 I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and
Implementation
3 and Review III.
their Controls
Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

Examples of Communication Channel :

• Toolbox meeting / briefing before the start of any work
• Video tools
 Shipyard Safety Animation
 Safety in Confined Spaces
 Managing Heat Stress
• Other useful resources
 Marine Industries Case Studies

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 I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and
Implementation
3 and Review III.
their Controls
Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

III. Implement Control Measures

Manager to :
• Implement risk control measures
• Ensure an action plan is available, monitored and implemented
(including timeline and person in charge)
• Ensure risk control measures are implemented and effective

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 I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and
Implementation
3 and Review III.
their Controls
Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

IV. Audit / Regular Inspections

Manager to :
• Ensure regular inspection and audits are carried out so that the
risk control measures are implemented and effective

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 I. Obtain Employer / Management
Approval
II. Communicate the Hazards and
Implementation
3 and Review III.
their Controls
Implement Control Measures
IV. Audit / Regular Inspections
V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

V. Review RA on a Regular Basis

Manager to :
• Review / Revise RA at least once every 3 years, or
 after an incident, near miss or dangerous occurrence;
 a significant change in the work processes, facilities, work
practices or work procedures, or change in workplace
condition and layout (e.g.: introduction of new machinery, or
chemicals or raw materials); or
 new information on WSH risk

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 I. Must be Available upon
Record-
4 keeping
Request
II. Keep for at least 3 years

I. RA Records Must be Available upon Request

Manager to :
• Ensure RA records to be readily available upon request
• RA records include:
 RA forms
 RA Register
 Risk control measures records
 Safe work procedures
 Training records

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 I. Must be Available upon
Record-
4 keeping
Request
II. Keep for at least 3 years

II. Keep RA Records for at least 3 years

Manager to :
• Keep all RA records for at least 3 years

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References

• Workplace Safety and Health Act

• Workplace Safety and Health
(Risk Management) Regulations
• Code of Practice on Workplace Safety and
Health (WSH) Risk Management
• Workplace Safety and Health Council
http://www.wshc.sg
• Ministry of Manpower
http://www.mom.gov.sg
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