Grade 9 Science

Unit 1: Atoms, Elements,

and Compounds
Grade 9 Science... Unit 1
Chapter 1: Atomic theory
explains the composition
and behaviour of matter.
Section 1-1
Safety in the Science
Classroom
•Safety MUST be your top
priority.
•Know safety rules before you do
the lab and use them while doing
the lab.
 Laboratory Safety
Complete activity 1-1A pg. 9
Safety Rules for the Science Lab
pages 10-11
General
Glassware
Chemicals
Hot plates and open flames
Electrical equipment
WHMIS... Page 12
W workplace
H hazardous
M materials
I information
S system
Hazard Symbols... Page 13
Dangerous Dangerous
Container Contents
Symbol The Danger
This container can explode if it's
Explosive heated or punctured. Flying pieces of
metal or plastic can cause serious
injuries, especially to the eyes.
Product Examples
•water repellant for shoes or
boots in an aerosol container
•spray paint in an aerosol
container

This product will burn skin or eyes

Corrosive •toilet bowl cleaner
on contact, or throat and stomach if
•oven cleaner
swallowed.

This product, or its fumes, will

Flammable •contact adhesives
catch fire easily if it's near heat, flames
•gasoline
or sparks.

Licking, eating, drinking, or

Poison •windshield washer fluid
sometimes smelling, this product
•furniture polish
will cause illness or death.
MSDS
Material Safety Data Sheet

- A document that contains information on the

potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and
environmental) and how to work safely with a
chemical product.
MSDS Headings
 Product Information
 Hazardous Ingredients
 Physical Data
 Fire or Explosion Hazard Data
 Reactivity Data
 Toxicological Properties: health effects
 Preventive Measures
 First Aid Measures
 Preparation Information
Section 1-2 :
Properties of Matter
Matter is anything that has
mass and volume.
Mass is the amount of matter in
a substance or object.
Volume is the amount of space
a substance or object occupies.
Matter Mind Map!
Properties

Elements

Matter

Atomic
Compounds Theory
Matter is made up of
elements.
Elements are substances
that contain one type of
matter and cannot be
broken down or separated
into simpler substances,
Oxygen, Lead, Helium …
 Describing Matter page 18

1. Physical Properties
Characteristics Can be either
of matter that qualitative
are often (observed) or
observed or quantitative
measured. (measured).
•Color
•State (s,l,g)
•Texture
•Density
•Magnetism
•Lustre (shine)
•Malleability
•Electrical Conductivity
•Melting/Boiling point
2. Chemical Properties
Observed Determines a
when substances
substances usefulness.
react with
each other.
 •Reactivity
•Combustibility
•Toxicity

VORTEX ACTIVITY
Core Lab Activity 1-2C pg. 20
Physical and Chemical Properties
Check Your Understanding page 23

Complete the Following Questions:

Checking Concepts #1,4,5,6

Understanding Key Ideas # 8 - 13

Section 1-3 : Atomic Theory

The descriptions of matter

and how it behaves.
Has undergone many
modifications as new facts
became available.
 Theory vs. Law
THEORY LAW
 explanations of events  Descriptions of events
supported by reliable that have been observed
evidence over and over again
 Atomic theory  Laws of magnetism
 Subject to change as “likes repel”
new evidence  High degree of
becomes available confidence, rarely
change
Early ideas...
Empedocles: matter was
composed of four “elements”;
earth, air, water, and fire.
Democritus: eventually a
substance will be cut into a piece
that can no longer be cut. He
called this piece atomos.
Aristotle: very influential
theorist of his time agreed with
Empedocles and the theory
remained on changed
for nearly 2000 years!
 Development of Atomic Theory
John Dalton
He suggested that the particles that
make up matter are like small, hard
spheres that are different for
different elements.
He defined an atom as the
smallest particle of an
element.
 Dalton’s Model...
Billiard Ball Model
J.J. Thomson
He suggested that all atoms
must contain electrons
(negative charge).
His model pictured a
positively charged ball with
the negatively charged
electrons embedded in it.
Thomson’s Model...
Raisin Bun Model
Ernest Rutherford
He discovered that atoms have a
nucleus.
There are two kinds of particles in
the nucleus; protons (positive
charge) and neutrons (neutral).
Rutherford’s Model…
Planetary Model
Niels Bohr
He proposed that electrons
surround the nucleus in specific
energy levels or shells.
Each electron has a particular
amount of energy.
Bohr’s Model…
Orbital Model
•Rutherford was able to develop
Thomson’s model due to the
development of new technologies.
(gold foil experiment)
•The development of cyclotrons
and proton accelerators have
further developed the model
accepted today.
 Inside the Atom
Subatomic Charg Mass Location
Particle e
Proton (p+) + Large Nucleus

Neutron (n) 0 Large Nucleus

Electron (e-) - very Energy levels

small outside nucleus
The Atom