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Network Structure
• Cell
A cell is the basic unit of a cellular
system and is defined as the radio
coverage given by one BTS.
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GSM architecture: PLMN -Public Land Mobile Network
Architecture of GSM
Network
Consists of 4 Subsystems
– BSS (Base Station Subsystem)
– NSS (Network and switching
subsystem)
– OSS (Operation Support
Subsystem)
– MS (Mobile Station)
GSM Architecture
Home Location Register
Network
Management
BTS = Base Transceiver Station Center
AuC
AuC = Authentication Center
Equipment ID
OMC = Operation and Maintenance Center
PSTN = Public Switched Telephone Network
ME = Mobile Equipment Visitor Location OMC
Um Abis A Register
Subscriber B
Identity ME TS Mobile
Module Data
switching
communication
center network
Subscriber
Identity ME
B
TS Base station
Module controller
Subscriber B
Identity ME TS PSTN
Module
Interface
• Um Interface
– Interface between mobile and BTS
– Covers physical layer (TDMA frame structure), data link
layer, controls radio connection etc.
• A-bis Interface
– Interface between BTS and BSC
– Covers physical layer (how voice circuits are carried), link
layer, and signaling
• A Interface
– Interface between MSC and BSC
– Covers physical layer, link layer (SCCP/MTP) and signaling
GSM Architecture
MS Transmission BS Transmission
Band : 890 – 915 Band : 935 – 960
MHZ MHZ
45 MHz
Year Introduced 1990
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Network Structure
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Network Structure
• PLMN SERVICE AREA
A PLMN service area is the entire set of
cells served by one network operator
and is defined as the area in which an
operator offers radio coverage and
access to its network.
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Network Structure
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Relation between areas in GSM
Location
CellArea
Location Area
MSC Service Area
PLMN Service Area
GSM Service Area
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Mobile Station
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Functions of Mobile Station
• Voice and data transmission & receipt
• Frequency and time synchronization
• Monitoring of power and signal quality
of the surrounding cells
• Provision of location updates even
during inactive state
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Mobile Station
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SIM
SIM has microprocessor and memory.
Fixed data stored for the subscription:
• IMSI,
• Authentication Key, Ki
• Security Algorithms:kc,A3,A8
• PIN & PUK
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Network Identities
• IMEI
• MSISDN
• IMSI
• TMSI
• MSRN
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IMEI
• International Mobile Equipment
Identity
• The IMEI is an unique code allocated to each
mobile equipment. It is checked in the EIR.
• IMEI check List
White List
Grey List
Black List
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MSISDN
• Mobile Station ISDN Number
• The MSISDN is registered in the telephone directory and
used by the calling party for dialing.
• MSISDN shall not exceed 15 digits.
• NDC--National Destination Code
• SN--Subscriber Number
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IMSI
• International mobile subscriber
Identity
• The IMSI is an unique identity which is used
internationally and used within the network to
identify the mobile subscribers.
• The IMSI is stored in (SIM), the HLR, VLR
database.
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Temporary Mobile subscriber Identity
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MSRN
Mobile Station Roaming Number
• The MSRN is used in the GMSC to set up a
connection to the visited MSC/VLR.
• MSRN--is a temporary identity which is
assigned during the establishment of a call to a
roaming subs.
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BASE STATION SYSTEM (BSS)
MSC/VLR
BSC BSC
BSC
BSS
n BTS n BTS
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FUNCTIONS OF BTS (Base Transceiver
Station)(rssslf)
• Radio resources
• Signal Processing
• Signaling link management
• Synchronization
• Local maintenance handling
• Functional supervision and Testing
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FUNCTIONS OF BSC
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Switching System (SS)
SS7 Signalling
Traffic Path VLR D
C HLR AUC
F
E
Other
EIR A
MSC MSC
(PSTN)
(BSS)
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MSC Functions
• Switcing and call routing
• Charging
• Service provisioning
• Communication with HLR
• Communication with VLR
• Communication with other MSCs
• Control of connected BSCs
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MSC Functions
• Echo canceller operation control
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VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER (VLR)
• It contains data of all mobiles roaming in its
area.
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Data in VLR
• IMSI & TMSI
• MSISDN
• MSRN.
• Location Area
• Supplementary service parameters
• MS category
• Authentication Key
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Home Location Register(HLR)
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Home Location Register(HLR)
• Permanent data in HLR
• Data stored is changed only by commands.
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Home Location Register(HLR)
• Temporary data in HLR
• The data changes from call to call & is dynamic
• MSRN
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EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER ( EIR )
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AUthentication Center (AUC)
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AUC Functions
To perform subscriber
authentication and to establish
ciphering procedures on the radio
link between the network and MS.
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AUC Functions
Information provided is called a
TRIPLET consists of:
2. SRES(Signed response)
3. Kc(ciphering key)
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Operations and Maintenance Centre
OMC
The centralized operation of the various units in
the system and functions needed to maintain the
subsystems.
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Functions Of OMC
-O&M data function
-Configuration management
-Performance supervision/management
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