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OF MAN
“Philosophy may not teach us
how to make a living; but it
shows us that life is worth
living”
MARIONITO L. HINACAY
The Human Person as an
Embodied Spirit
OBJECTIVES:
To recognize own limitation or possibilities for
one’s transcendence.
To evaluate own limitations and the possibilities
for one’s transcendence.
To recognize how the human body imposes
limits and possibilities for transcendence.
To distinguish the limitations and possibilities for
transcendence.
AKO AY AKO
… Kaya kong itapon o wasakin ang hindi akma
at panatilihin ang mga naaakma
At lumikha o kumatha ng mga bago, kapalit ng
mga itinapon o winasak.
55
In the ultimate analysis, there are Two
Fundamental Options: LOVE and EGOISM.
It is LOVE which makes me a PERSON,
which makes me truly FREE.
FREEDOM OF CHOICE and
FUNDAMENTAL OPTIONS are interrelated:
Our Choices shape our Fundamental
Options, and our Fundamental Options is
exercised and concretized in our particular
choices.
56
FREEDOM AND RESPONSIBILITY
These Two Types of Freedom can be seen
in the corollary of Freedom which is
RESPONSIBILITY. Responsibility is the
other side of Freedom.
Just as there are two kinds of Freedom,
there are also two meanings of
Responsibility.
1. The First Meaning of Responsibility
corresponds to the First Type of Freedom,
Free Choice , namely ACCOUNTABILITY.
57
I am accountable for an action that is free,
whose source is the “I”, I acted on my own,
I decided on my own. I am free from
external constraints.
Being Responsible, Accountable for my
action, however, does not necessarily make
me a responsible person. Here we
encounter a second meaning of
responsibility corresponding to the second
type of freedom: RESPONSE-ABILITY.
58
RESPONSE-ABILITY means the ability to give an
account, the ability to justify my action as truly
responsive to the objective demands of the situation.
1. A response that meets the objective demands of
the situation is a response that meets the demand of
JUSTICE.
2. A responsible action then from a RESPONSE-
ABLE person requires putting the Other in the
forefront in place of myself. I am free from internal
constraints, like egoism and whims (arbitrariness).
3. Greater Freedom then is not just being able to do
what I want to do but being able to do and wanting to
do what the situation objectively oblige me to do.
59
FREEDOM AND JUSTICE
The relation between FREEDOM and JUSTICE
can be seen when we take into consideration the
network of relationships with FELLOW HUMAN
BEINGS and the goods intended by Freedom.
JUSTICE is giving what is due to the other.
When we choose goods (things, money, political
power…etc.), we must consider that they are
finite and exhaustible, and that the other also
needs them.
Absolute Love for finite goods leads to corruption,
in the object and in the subject.
60
Man is an unconstrained
free moral agent in the sense that
he always has a choice in every
aspect of his life
William James—INDETERMINISM
Suggested that the world is a random collection of
chance happenings because of unpredictable acts of
people who are indecisive about what they are going
to do. These people then experience regret or relief
depending upon the results of those actions.
Freud – PSYCHOANALYSIS
Suggested that through psychoanalysis,
we can free our minds and thus become
free to act as we wish, instead of acting
under the control of something repressed
in our subconscious.
Soren Kierkegaard & Martin Buber
(RELIGIOUS EXISTENTIALISM)
ANSWER____
INTERPRETATION OF YOUR
SCORE
9- 18 = COOL OR CALM
29-45= SPIRITED