STUDY OF FASHION PRODUCTS-I

{FM263}

PRESENTED BY:
SUBMITTED TO &
LAVISHA SANGANERIA
GUIDED BY:
(BFM 2ND YEAR )
Mrs. SHIKHA KAPOOR
3RD SEMESTER
 INDEX
 FIBERS TEXTILE APPAREL RETAILS
 TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
 TOP TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDIA
 NATURAL FIBERS TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
IN INDIA
 MANMADE FIBERS TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
IN INDIA
INTRODUCTION TO EXPORTS
EXPORTING COMPANIES
INDIAN EXPORTS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 FTAR
FTAR stands for FIBERS TEXTILE APPAREL RETAILS.

 FIBERS: It is defined as one of the delicate, hair portions of the tissues of a plant or animal or other
substances that are very small in diameter in relation to there length. A fiber is a material which is
several hundred times as long as its thick.

 TEXTILE: Textiles refer to materials that are made from fibers, thin threads or filaments which are
natural or manufactured or a combination. Textiles are created by interlocking these yarns in specific
patterns resulting in a length of cloth. The textile fibers are spun into yarn and then made into fabric by
different methods like weaving, knitting, felting. It forms the building block of a garment.

 APPAREL: Humans often wear articles of clothing (also known as dress, garments or attire) on the
body . In its broadest sense, clothing includes coverings for the trunk and limbs as well as coverings for
hands (gloves), feet (shoes, sandals, boots), and head (hats, caps).

 RETAILS: A retail sale occurs when a business sells a product or service to an individual consumer for
his or her own use. The transaction itself can occur through a number of different sales channels, such
as online, in a brick-and-mortar storefront, through direct sales, or direct mail. The aspect of the sale
that qualifies it as a retail transaction is that the end user is the buyer.
FIBERS
 Textile Fiber:
Textile fiber has some characteristics which differ between fiber to Textile fibers. Textile fiber can be
spun into a yarn or made into a fabric by various methods including weaving, knitting, braiding,
felting, and twisting. The essential requirements for fibers to be spun into yarn include a length of at
least 5 millimeters, flexibility, cohesiveness, and sufficient strength. Other important properties include
elasticity, fineness, uniformity, durability, and luster. BANANA FIBER is one kind of fiber but it is not a
textile fiber. Because it can not fill up the above properties. So we can say that all fiber are not textile
fiber.

 Types of Textile Fiber:

Generally two types of fiber. Natural fiber and Manmade fiber.

 Natural Fiber:
Natural fibers include those produced by plants, animals, and geological processes. They are
biodegradable over time. They can be classified according to their origin.

 A class name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) of:

Animal (i.e., silk fiber and wool fiber);
Mineral (i.e., asbestos fiber); or
Vegetable origin (i.e., cotton fiber, flax fiber, jute fiber, and ramie fiber).
 Manmade Fiber:
It is also known as Manufactured fiber. Synthetic or man-made fibers generally come from
synthetic materials such as petrochemicals. But some types of synthetic fibers are manufactured
from natural cellulose; including rayon, modal, and the more recently developed Lyocell. A class
name for various genera of fibers (including filaments) produced from fiber-forming substances
which may be:

(1) Polymers synthesized from chemical compounds, e.g., acrylic fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber,
polyethylene fiber, polyurethane fiber, and polyvinyl fibers;

(2) Modified or transformed natural polymers, e.g., alginic and cellulose-based fibers such
as acetates fiber and rayons fiber; and

(3) Minerals, e.g., glasses. The term manufactured usually refers to all chemically produced fibers to
distinguish them from the truly natural fibers such as cotton, wool, silk, flax, etc. e.g: Glass fiber.
TEXTILE
 After the fibers are produced, they are made into yarn. Different types of fibers under go different
types of spinning processes to make them into yarns. The finished yarn is made into fabric by
different methods like weaving & knitting. Other methods like crocheting, felting, laminating,
knotting etc are also used. Production of textiles are woven into the history of their respective
regions. Each of the textiles tells a specific original story of the people who made and used them
down the centuries . Some of these textiles are no longer in use or they have lost their commercial
importance due to a number of reasons. Man has since invented many processes and technologies
to produce beautiful textiles with spectacular designs and patterns in the most cost-effective and
streamlined ways. Mass production of textiles with minimum dependence on manual labour has cut
down the production cost of textiles and has made most of the textiles affordable for ordinary
people like you and me.

 Classification according to Textile making processes

 Knitting -This is a process in which loops of fibers are interlocked to form the fabric. Weft knitting
involves forming of loops one at a time in a weft ways direction. Eg. Purl knit, Interlock, Rib knit
Warp knitting involves a set of arp yarns which are simultaneously formed into loops. These loops are
interlinked by connecting the chains of loops with warp thread which are moved sideways.

 Felting – This is a process which makes use of heat, pressure and moisture and adhesives to interlock
fibers to produce the fabric.
 Weaving – This is a process in which warp fibers( threads that is lying along the length of the
fabric) and weft fibers (threads that are lying along the width of the fabric) are interlaced to form
the fabric.

 Non woven methods – The fabric is made directly without knitting or weaving with the fibers
held together with gum, resin, heat and pressure, or needle punching. The processes
include Felted, Spun-Bonded, Film Tufted, Needle punched ,Spun-Laced Foam and Stitch-
Bonded.

 Braiding – Fibers are twisted and braided – some trimmings are made this way.

 Knotting and interlacing – Fibers are knotted at intersections interlaced and interlooped to form
an open mesh fabric. Lace is an open work fabric made by looping plaiting or twisting thread by
means of a needle or a set of bobbins ; this includes fabrics made by crochet . Fishing nets,
macrame etc are other examples.
APPAREL
 People wear clothing for functional and/or social reasons. Clothing protects the body; it also delivers
social messages to other humans. Function includes protection of the body against strong sunlight,
extreme heat or cold, and precipitation; protection against insects, noxious chemicals, weapons,
contact with abrasive substances -- in sum, against anything that might injure an unprotected
human body. Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to practical
problems.
 Social messages sent by clothing, accessories, and decorations can involve social status,
occupation, ethnic and religious affiliation, marital status and sexual availability, etc. Humans must
know the code in order to recognise the message transmitted. If different groups read the same item
of clothing or decoration with different meanings, the wearer may provoke unanticipated responses.

 Social status: In many societies, people of high rank reserve special items of clothing or decoration
for themselves. Only Roman emperors could wear garments dyed with Tyrian purple; only high-
ranking Hawaiian chiefs could wear feather cloaks and palaoa or carved whale teeth. In other
societies, no laws prohibit lower-status people wearing high status garments, but the high cost of
status garments effectively limits purchase and display. In current Western society, only the rich can
afford haute couture. The threat of social ostracism may also limit garment choice.

 Occupation: military, police, firefighters usually wear uniforms, as do workers in many industries.
School-children often wear school uniforms, college and university students wear academic dress.
Members of religious orders may wear uniforms known as "habits". Sometimes a single item of
clothing or a single accessory can declare one's occupation and/or status -- for example, the
high toque or chef's hat worn by a chief cook.
RETAILS
 Once the clothes have been designed and manufactured, they need to be sold. But how are
clothes to get from the manufacturer to the customer? The business of buying clothes from
manufacturers and selling them to customers is known as retail. Retailers make initial purchases for
resale three to six months before the customer is able to buy the clothes in-store.
 Fashion marketing is the process of managing the flow of merchandise from the initial selection of
designs to be produced to the presentation of products to retail customers, with the goal of
maximizing a company’s sales and profitability. Successful fashion marketing depends on
understanding consumer desire and responding with appropriate products. Marketers use sales
tracking data, attention to media coverage, focus groups, and other means of ascertaining
consumer preferences to provide feedback to designers and manufacturers about the type and
quantity of goods to be produced.
 Marketers are thus responsible for identifying and defining a fashion producer’s target customers and
for responding to the preferences of those customers. Marketing operates at both the wholesale and
retail levels. Companies that do not sell their own products at retail must place those products at
wholesale prices in the hands of retailers, such as boutiques, department stores, and online sales
companies. They use fashion shows, catalogs, and a sales force armed with sample products to find
a close fit between the manufacturer’s products and the retailer’s customers. Marketers for
companies that do sell their own products at retail are primarily concerned with matching products
to their own customer base. At both the wholesale and the retail level, marketing also involves
promotional activities such as print and other media advertising aimed at establishing brand
recognition and brand reputation for diverse characteristics such as quality, low price, or trendiness.
 Closely related to marketing is merchandising, which attempts to maximize sales and profitability by
inducing consumers to buy a company’s products. In the standard definition of the term,
merchandising involves selling the right product, at the right price, at the right time and place, to the
right customers. Fashion merchandisers must thus utilize marketers’ information about customer
preferences as the basis for decisions about such things as stocking appropriate merchandise in
adequate but not excessive quantities, offering items for sale at attractive but still profitable prices,
and discounting overstocked goods. Merchandising also involves presenting goods attractively and
accessibly through the use of store windows, in-store displays, and special promotional events.
Merchandising specialists must be able to respond to surges in demand by rapidly acquiring new
stocks of the favoured product. An inventory-tracking computer program in a department store in
London, for example, can trigger an automatic order to a production facility in Shanghai for a certain
quantity of garments of a specified type and size to be delivered in a matter of days.
 By the early 21st century the Internet had become an increasingly important retail outlet, creating
new challenges (e.g., the inability for customers to try on clothes prior to purchase, the need for
facilities designed to handle clothing returns and exchanges) and opening up new opportunities for
merchandisers (e.g., the ability to provide customers with shopping opportunities 24 hours per day,
affording access to rural customers). In an era of increasingly diverse shopping options for retail
customers and of intense price competition among retailers, merchandising has emerged as one of
the cornerstones of the modern fashion industry.
 TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
 The textile, textile product, and apparel manufacturing industries include establishments that
process fiber into fabric and fabric into clothing and other textile products. While most apparel
manufacturers worldwide rely on people to cut and sew pieces of fabric together, U.S.
manufacturing has become highly automated. Because the apparel industry has moved mainly to
other countries with cheaper labor costs, that which remains in the United States must be extremely
labor efficient to compete effectively with foreign manufacturers.
 There are three individual industries covered— textile mills, textile product mills, and apparel
manufacturing.

 Textile mills provide the raw material to make apparel and textile products. They take natural and
synthetic materials, such as cotton and polyester, and transform them into fiber, yarn, and thread.
Yarns are strands of fibers in a form ready for weaving, knitting, or otherwise intertwining to form a
textile fabric. They form the basis for most textile production and commonly are made of cotton,
wool, or a synthetic fiber such as polyester. Yarns also can be made of thin strips of plastic, paper, or
metal. To produce spun yarn, natural fibers such as cotton and wool must first be processed to
remove impurities and give products the desired texture and durability, as well as other
characteristics. After this initial cleaning stage, the fibers are spun into yarn.
 Textile product mills convert raw textiles into finished products other than apparel. Some of the items
made in this sector include household items, such as carpets and rugs, towels, curtains and sheets,
cord and twine, furniture and automotive upholstery, and industrial belts and fire hoses. Because the
process of converting raw fibers into finished textile products is complex, most textile mills specialize.
 The apparel manufacturing industry transforms fabrics produced by textile manufacturers into clothing
and accessories. The apparel industry traditionally has consisted mostly of production workers who
performed the cutting and sewing functions in an assembly line. This industry remains labor-intensive,
despite advances in technology and workplace practices. Although many workers still perform this
work in the United States, the industry increasingly contracts out its production work to foreign suppliers
to take advantage of lower labor costs in other countries.
 The textile and apparel manufacturing industries are among the most labor-intensive manufacturing
industries, and therefore an increasing amount of textile products is produced by foreign suppliers.
Nonetheless, some textile manufacturing still takes place in the United States. To remain competitive,
however, domestic manufacturers rely on being extremely labor-efficient. Advanced machinery is
boosting productivity levels in textiles and fundamentally changing the nature of work for employees.
New technology also has led to increasingly technical training for workers throughout the industry.
Computers and computer-controlled equipment aid in many functions, such as design,
patternmaking, and cutting. Other emerging technologies which improve plant efficiency include
wider looms, computerized equipment, and increased use of robotics to move material within the
plant.
 Some apparel firms have responded to growing competition by merging with other apparel firms and
by moving into the retail market. In addition to the production of garments they also are contracting
out functions—for example, warehousing and order fulfillment—to concentrate on their strengths:
design and marketing. Computer-aided design systems have led to the development of "product life
cycle management," under which potential new fashions can now be transmitted around the planet
over the Internet. Such changes may help the apparel manufacturing industry meet the growing
competition and continue to supply the Nation's consumers with garments at an acceptable cost.
 TOP TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDIA
 Vardhman textiles :Vardhman Group is a leading textile conglomerate in India having a
turnover of $700 mn. Spanning over 24 manufacturing facilities in five states across India, the
Group business portfolio includes Yarn, Greige and Processed Fabric, Sewing Thread, Acrylic
Fibre and Alloy Steel. They are known as manchester of india.
 Corporate Office – Ludhiana, Punjab
Turnover – 1 Billion dollar
Employees – 25000+ Business – Textiles
Sector – Public Sector

 ARVIND MILLS : Arvind Limited started with a share capital of Rs 2,525,000 ($55,000) in the year
1931. With the aim of manufacturing the high-end superfine fabrics Arvind invested in very
sophisticated technology. The sales in the year 1934, three years after establishment were Rs
45.76 lakh and profits were Rs 2.82 lakh. Steadily producing high quality fabrics, year after year,
Arvind took its place amongst the foremost textile units in the country.
 Corporate Office – Ahmedabad, Gujrat |
Turnover – 932 Million Dollar |
Employees – 2500+
Business – Textile
Sector – Public Sector
Website – www.arvindmills.com/
 BOMBAY DYING: Over the last three years, revenues from Bombay Dyeing’s retail unit have nearly
halved from ₹ 578.09 crore in financial year 2015 to ₹ 257.89 crore in financial year 2018, according to
data from financial data services firm Capitalline. Retail now accounts for less than a tenth of the
overall revenues of the company as compared to nearly a quarter of the overall revenues in financial
year 2015.
 Corporate Office – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Turnover – 310 Million Dollar
Employees – 10000+
Business – Textile and Clothing
Sector – Public
Website – www.bombaydyeing.com

 RAYMOND: Raymond Ltd is largest integrated manufacturer of fabric in the world based
in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It has over 60% market share in suiting in India. It is also the India’s
biggest woollen fabrics maker. Textile division of the company has a distribution network of more than
4,000 multi-brand outlets and over 637 exclusive retail shops in the domestic market itself. It has more
than 20,000 design and colours of suiting fabric which makes it one of largest collection of designs and
colours by single company. It was listed as India's most trusted apparel brand by The Brand Trust Report
in 2015.
 Corporate Office – Mumbai, India
Turnover – 250 Million Dollar
Employees – 10000+ | Business – Textile
Sector – Public Sector | Website – http://www.raymondindia.com
 Grasim Industries Limited: an Indian building materials manufacturing company based in Mumbai,
Maharashtra. It was started in 1948 as a textile manufacturer. Since then Grasim has diversified into
Viscose Staple Fiber (VSF), cement, sponge iron and chemicals. The company is a subsidiary of
Aditya Birla Group, which operates over 40 companies in 12 countries on 4 continents. Textile and
related products contributes to 15% of the group turnover.
 Corporate Office – Mumbai, India
Turnover – Unknown
Employees – 6500+
Business – Textile, Cement and manufacturing
Sector – Public Sector
Website – www.grasim.com

 RELIANCE INDUSTRIES: The company is ranked 148th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world's
biggest corporations as of 2018. It is ranked 8th among the Top 250 Global Energy Companies
by Platts as of 2016. Reliance continues to be India’s largest exporter, accounting for 8% of India's
total merchandise exports with a value of Rs 147,755 crore and access to markets in 108
countries. Reliance is responsible for almost 5% of the government of India's total revenues from
customs and excise duty. It is also the highest income tax payer in the private sector in India.
 Corporate Office – Ahmedabad, Gujrat
Turnover – 100+ Billion
Employees – 5000+
Business – Textiles
Sector – Public Sector
Website – http://www.ril.com
 FABINDIA: Fabindia is India’s largest private platform for products that are made from traditional
techniques, skills and hand-based processes. Fabindia links over 80,000 craft based rural producers to
modern urban markets, thereby creating a base for skilled, sustainable rural employment, and
preserving India’s traditional handicrafts in the process. Fabindia’s products are natural, craft based,
contemporary, and affordable.
 Corporate Office – New Delhi
Turnover – 68 Million Dollar
Employees – 40000+
Business – Textiles , Home Furnishings, Garment Accessories
Sector – Private Sector
Website – www.fabindia.com

 JCT LIMITED:JCT Limited has grown into one of the largest textile manufacturers in India. With
integrated textile facility in Phagwara (Punjab), a daily production capacity of 63 million meters per
annum, and a product range consisting of some of the finest cotton and blended fabrics, this division
has made a mark both the domestic and international markets. And this has been driven by the
desire to excel in every sphere of its operations – spinning, weaving and processing, as well as
stringent quality control at each stage of production.
 Corporate Office – Hoshiarpur, Punjab
Turnover – 70 Million Dollar
Employees – 4500+
Business – Textiles and Filament Yarn
Sector – Public Sector
Website – http://www.jct.co.in
 NATURAL FIBERS TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDIA
 Manufacturing companies that make nature fibers and even export to different countries are
MAHARAJA TEXO FAB, SREE VINAYAGA ORGANIC COTTON WADDING INDUSTRIES, GO GREEN TEXTILES,
SRI KALYAN EXPORT , AA CANVAS COMPANY, ANANDI ENTERPRISES, RAJLAKSHMI COTTON MILLS, LOYAL
TEXTILE MILLS, HERBAL FAB AND BLUE PEARL FABRICS.
 Over all turnover of this companies is 15Cr.
 This companies have organic products in garments and furnishing.
 Quality of the products is not compromised by the manufacturers for the consumers.
 MANMADE FIBERS TEXTILE MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDIA
 Filament yarns are largely used for textiles and apparel. Today, polyester, nylon and polypropylene
yarns are the primary materials used to manufacture clothing. From the finest suits to heavy-duty
applications, modern clothing is counting on yarns and fibers to perform.
 Yarns are the starting material for a wide range of fabrics — from fashion, sports and home textiles to
specialty functions such as bulletproof vests and fire protection gear.
 Companies makes double turnover then companies that manufacture organic fiber textile and
apparels.
 INTRODUCTION TO EXPORTS
 EXPORT: An export is a function of international trade whereby goods produced in one country are
shipped to another country for future sale or trade. Exports are a crucial component of a country’s
economy, as the sale of such goods adds to the producing nation's gross output.
 Companies export products and services for a variety of reasons. Exports can increase sales
and profits if the goods create new markets or expand existing ones, and they may even present an
opportunity to capture significant global market share. Companies that export spread business risk by
diversifying into multiple markets. Exporting into foreign markets can often reduce per-unit costs by
expanding operations to meet increased demand. Finally, companies that export into foreign markets
gain new knowledge and experience that may allow the discovery of new technologies, marketing
practices and insights into foreign competitors.
 EXPORTING COMPANIES
 The textile and apparel industry can be broadly divided into two segments - yarn and fibre, and
processed fabrics and apparel. The domestic textile industry in India is estimated to reach US$ 223
billion by 2021F from US$ 150 billion in November 2017, while cotton production in India is have
reached 36.1 million bales in FY19. In FY19, growth in private consumption is expected to create strong
domestic demand for textiles. Increased penetration of organised retail, favourable demographics,
and rising income levels are likely to drive demand for textiles. Cloth production stood at 58.1 billion
square metres (provisional) in FY19P (up to Jan 19). India is the world's second largest exporter of
textiles and clothing.
 Textile and apparel exports from India are expected to increase to US$ 82 billion by 2021. Exports of
textiles and apparels from India reached US$ 31.65 billion in FY19 (up to Jan 19). Manmade garments
remain the largest contributor to total textile and apparel exports from India.
 Top twenty textile manufacturing companies are ALOK INDUSTRIES LIMITED, INNOVATIVE TEXTILE
SOLUTIONS, ARVIND, GARDEN VARELI, VARDMAN, BOMBAY DYING, RAYMOND, RELIANCE, WELSPUN,
PRADIP LIMITED, GRASIM BIRLA COMPANY, SIYARAM’SL, BSL, DONEAR, LAKSHMI MILLS, JCT LMITED,
SEASONS, FABINDIA, MYSORE SILK, ORBIT EXPORTS, MUDRA LIFESTYLE.
 Companies have major impact on India’s export rate as they also have impact on India’s economy
and countries export relations with developed countries like china, US and Russia and even under
developed countries like Bangladesh with stands second in garment export.
 Companies reputation is through its quality product, its experience and relation with other well profiled
companies.
 INDIAN EXPORTS
 India stands on second position in textile exports.
 India stands on forth in garment exports.
 In May 2018, textiles sector recorded investments
worth Rs 27,000 crore (US$ 4.19 billion) since June
2017.
 The Government of India announced a Special
Package to boost exports by US$ 31 billion,
create one crore job opportunities and attract
investments worth Rs 800.00 billion (US$ 11.93
billion) during 2018-2020. As of August 2018, it
generated additional investments worth Rs 253.45
billion (US$ 3.78 billion) and exports worth Rs 57.28
billion (US$ 854.42 million).
 The future for the Indian textile industry looks
promising, buoyed by both strong domestic
consumption as well as export demand. With
consumerism and disposable income on the rise,
the retail sector has experienced a rapid growth
in the past decade with the entry of several
international players like Marks & Spencer, Guess
and Next into the Indian market. High economic
growth has resulted in higher disposable income.
This has led to rise in demand for products
creating a huge domestic market .Exchange
TEXTILE EXPORT GARMENT EXPORT
Rate Used: INR 1 = US$ 0.0159 in FY19.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 http://Textile Industry in India: Overview, Market Size, Exports, Growth...|
IBEFwww.ibef.org
 http://indian textile export to different countries// - Google
Searchwww.google.com
 www.India | Textiles and Clothing | Export | to all Countries | | WITS |
Datawits.worldbank.org
 http://List of the largest trading partners of India – Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org
 www.//Top 10 Leading Garment Manufacturers in India (2018) -
BizVibewww.bizvibe.com
 https://www.quora.com/Who-are-the-top-10-exporters-of-textiles-and-garments-
from-India
 https://www.moneycontrol.com/stocks/marketinfo/totassets/bse/textiles-
manmade.html
 https://www.instafinancials.com/company/maharaja-texo-fab-
privlimited/U17210HR2009PTC038829
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_Ltd
 https://www.google.com/search?q=manmade+textile&rlz=1C1CHBD_enIN853IN853
Thank you.