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This document provides an overview of operating systems, including their main elements, functions, types, and examples. It discusses the DOS operating system and its basic commands. The three main elements of an operating system are the user interface, kernel, and file management system. Operating system functions include file management, process management, and more. Types include multiuser, multitasking, and real-time operating systems. Examples given are Windows, MacOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems like iOS and Android.
This document provides an overview of operating systems, including their main elements, functions, types, and examples. It discusses the DOS operating system and its basic commands. The three main elements of an operating system are the user interface, kernel, and file management system. Operating system functions include file management, process management, and more. Types include multiuser, multitasking, and real-time operating systems. Examples given are Windows, MacOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems like iOS and Android.
This document provides an overview of operating systems, including their main elements, functions, types, and examples. It discusses the DOS operating system and its basic commands. The three main elements of an operating system are the user interface, kernel, and file management system. Operating system functions include file management, process management, and more. Types include multiuser, multitasking, and real-time operating systems. Examples given are Windows, MacOS, Linux, and mobile operating systems like iOS and Android.
Operating System It is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The Three Elements of an OS User Interface – The part of the OS that you interface with. Kernel – The core of the OS. Interacts with the BIOS (at one end), and the UI (at the other end). File Management System – Organizes and manages files. Operating System Functions File Management Process Management Memory Management Application Management Device Management Resource sharing and Networking Protection and Security Control over system performance Operating System Types Multiuser – Two or more users work with the computer at the same time Multitasking – Two or more processes running at the same time. Multithreading – Two or more parts of the same process running at the same time. Real Time Operating System Multiprocessing - An operating system capable of supporting and utilizing morethan one computer processor. PC Operating Systems Microsoft Windows 8.1 Macintosh OS Linux • Microsoft Windows7 • AppleMacOS • Ubuntu • Google Android • iOS MS Windows Versions Home (Non-Professional) Versions • Windows 95 • Windows 98 • Windows Me Professional (Business) Versions • Windows NT • Windows 2000 The Two Lines Came Together in Windows XP (2001) Disk Operating System ( DOS ) The first PC Operating System (1981) Not a Multitasking OS, only one program could run at a time A command-line interface, no GUI. Early versions of Windows sat on top of DOS and used it to communicate with the BIOS. Windows XP communicates directly with the BIOS, but allows commands to be entered via a command prompt. Listing of the most commonly used DOS commands • Basic DOS commands – help – help <command name> – dir [/w][/s][/?][/od][/o-d][/oe][/o-e] etc. – cd – md – rd [/s][/q] – move – copy – xcopy [/s][/e] – del / erase (these are synonyms) – ren – type – tree [/f][/a] – cls – ver – fc – find Continue… Windows Registered File Types
A particular file extension can be
registered and associated with a particular program. • .docx files are associated with MS Word • .xlsx files are associated with MS Excel • .txt files are associated with Notepad • .html files are associated with IE This is how Windows knows what to do when you double-click a file in My Computer. File Attributes Each file has four attributes which can be viewed or set. • Read Only – File may be viewed, copied, executed (if appropriate), but not changed. It can be deleted. • Hidden – File will not be displayed in normal list of files. • System – File is identified to belong to system, should not be messed with. • Archive – File is (or is not) a candidate for backup. DOS Commands Two types – Internal and External • Internal commands are resident in the main kernel file: command.com (or cmd.exe) • External commands are separate little programs. It's important to learn DOS commands because you can write scripts to execute a set of commands automatically. The Command Prompt
By default, it reminds you
of the current drive and the current directory. Linux Linux (pronounce LINN-ux) is a family of open source operating systems, which means that they can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is very different from proprietary software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it (Microsoft). The advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions (or versions) that you can choose from. Each distribution has a different look and feel, and the most popular ones include Ubuntu, Mint, and Fedora. Operating System on Mobile Devices • Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and mp3 players are very different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and Google Android.