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Principles of

Engineering System Design

Dr T Asokan

asok@iitm.ac.in
INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS DESIGN

FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Dr T Asokan
asok@iitm.ac.in
xxxx 4707

T Asokan ED309
Operational Functional View Physical View
Views Defines the capabilities, the Defines allocated
resources
Shows how the operator will services, or the (hardware and
use the system. functions software). Shows
provided by the system. the
 Shows the interconnections
Shows inputs and messages / data between the
outputs to users and between resources.
other systems. functions  Usually described
by:
Usually described by:  Usually described  Physical
by: Block
• Operational Concept Diagrams
 IDEF0
• Context Diagram Diagrams  Physical
• Use Case Scenarios  Functional Interface
Definitions
• Sequence Diagrams Flow Block
Diagrams
• High Level Data Model
 N2
Diagrams
Six functions of Design Process
1. Define System Level Design Problem : -
Originating requirements development
2. Develop the system functional architecture

3. Develop the system physical architecture

4. Develop the system operational architecture

5. Develop the interface architecture

6. Define the qualification system for the system


A function of a system is a statement of a clear
reproducible relationship between the available input
and the desired output of a system, independent of
any form.
Input Output
Product
Function
Need for Functional Modeling

Logical way of carrying forward customer needs


Clear thinking at the concept level
Design repository
Design for Six Sigma design – easy identification of
weakness and rectification
T Asokan ED309
TERMINOLOGY FOR FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
System Mode is defined to be a distinct operating
capability of the system during which some or all of the
system’s functions may be performed to a full or limited
degree.

System state: A static snapshot of the set of metrics or


variables needed to describe fully the systems
capabilities to perform the system functions.
It is the values of state variables at a specific point in
time.

T Asokan ED309
A function of a system is a statement of a clear
reproducible relationship between the available input
and the desired output of a system, independent of any
form.

Input Product Output


Function

A functionality is a set of functions that is required to


produce a specific output.

T Asokan ED309
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE
A functional architecture can be defined as a logical architecture that
defines what the system must do, a decomposition of the systems
top-level function.
• Logical model of functional decomposition
• Flow of inputs and outputs
• Mapping of requirements to functions

Requirements

Operational
Concept
Simple
functionalities Draft and
for O.C evaluate
Complete
Functional Trace I/O
functional System
model requirements
and data level
models to functions functional
and items architecture

T Asokan ED309
Requirements

Operational
Concept
Simple
functionalities Draft and
for O.C evaluate
Complete
Functional Trace I/O
functional System
model requirements
and data level
models to functions functional
and items architecture
FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE

Decomposition (top-down)
Partition system function a level at a time
Need sound definition of all inputs & outputs

Composition (bottom-up)
Define many functionalities (bottom-level functions)
Synthesize functional hierarchy from many bottom-
level functions

Use both: The best solution


T Asokan ED309
When it comes to partitioning a function, there are
many choices:

 Use operating modes

 Use inputs & controls

 Use Hatley-Pirbhai template


Partitioning Functions: Hately-Pirbhai template

User Interface Processing

Process Model

Input Output
Processing Control Model Processing

Maintenance, Self-Test,
and Redundancy
Management Processing
Hately-Pirbhai template: Example

Accept passenger requests and provide


feedback

Move passengers
Process between floors
Conversion
level, fire, of
security Control elevator analogue
etc. cars to digital
information etc.
Enable effective
maintenance and
services
Partitioning Functions: Hately-Pirbhai template
User Interface Processing

Process Model

Input Control Model Output


Processing Processing

Maintenance, Self-Test,
and Redundancy
Management Processing

Accept passenger request and provide feedback

Move passengers
between floors
Process Conversion
level, Of
Fire, Control elevator cars Analouge
security etc. to
information. digital etc.
Enable effective
maintenance
And
services
Accept passenger request and provide feedback

Move passengers
between floors
Process Conversion
level, Of
Fire, Control elevator cars Analouge
security etc. to
information. digital etc.
Enable effective
maintenance
And
services
User Interface Processing

Process Model

Input Output
Control Model
Processing Processing

Maintenance , Self-Test ,
and Redundancy
Management Processing
Provide data entry /OP facilities

Accept passenger request


Process and provide feedback
user input
data Conversion of
( convert Generate Control OP data to
to machine commands useful signals
format)

Provide fault tolerance


and maintenance
functions

Accept passenger request and provide feedback

Move passengers
between floors
Process Conversion
level, Of
Fire, Control elevator cars Analouge
security etc. to
information. digital etc.
Enable effective
maintenance
And
services
Accept passenger request
Provide data entryand
/OPprovide feedback
facilities

Movepassenger
Accept passengers request
Process between floors
Process and provide feedback Conversion
Conversion
user input
level,
data of Of
Fire, to
( convert Control elevator
Generate cars
Control Analouge
OP data to
security
machineetc. commands useful tosignals
information.
format) digital etc.
Enable
Enableeffective
effective
maintenance
maintenance
And
And
services
services
Provide data entry /OP facilities

Accept passenger request


Process and provide feedback
user input
data Conversion of
( convert Generate Control OP data to
to machine commands useful signals
format)

Provide fault tolrance


and maintenance
functions

Receive input data

Generate Control
commands
Process
data Transmit
Use control
( convert control
algorithm
to commands
machine
format) Provide fault
tolrance and
maintenance
functions
Provide data entry
Receive /OP facilities
input data

Accept passenger
Generate Control
Process request
commands
user
Process and provide feedback Conversion
data
input Transmit
Use control
( data
convert Generate Control ofcontrol
OP data
algorithm commands
to
( convert commands to useful
machine
to signals
format)
machine Provide fault
Provide fault
format) tolrance and
tolrance and
maintenance
maintenance
functions
functions
Functional hierarchy
Move Passengers between
floors More level
1
Functions
Accept passenger requests, Control elevator
provide feedback cars

Provide i/o Process Provide control Func. Func.


interface data commands 2.1 2.1

Func. Func. Func. Func. Func. Func.


1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1

Lower level Functions


M o v e P a s s e n g e rs b e tw e e n
f lo o r s M o re
le v e l
1
F u n c tio n s

A c c e p t p a s s e n g e r re q u e s ts , C o n t r o l e le v a t o r
p r o v id e f e e d b a c k c a rs

P r o v id e i/ o P ro c e s s P r o v id e c o n t r o l Func. Func.
in t e r f a c e d a ta com m ands 2 .1 2 .1

Func. Func. Func. Func. Func. Func.


1 .1 .1 1 .1 .1 1 .1 .1 1 .1 .1 1 .1 .1 1 .1 .1

L o w e r le v e l 1 F u n c tio n s

S h o w s th e fu n c tio n s a n d h ie r a r c h y
EXAMPLE: Functional Decomposition using HP template
System: Institute service kiosk
Accept customer input through terminal

Provide information
Convert
input data Process data and
for generate results Provide
processing data output
Self Test ,
and Redundancy
Management Processing
Functional hierarchy
Provide information service More level
1
Functions
Accept customer Provide customer
requirements/inputs services

Provide i/o Process Provide control Navigat- Acade-


interface data commands ional info mic info

Func. Func. Func. Func. Func. Func.


1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1

Lower level Functions


FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION
USING
IDEF0 TEMPLATE

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