Elements of Creative Nonfiction

a. Plot
b. Characters
c. Characterization
d. Point of View
e. Setting and Atmosphere
f. Symbols and Symbolisms
h. Figures of speech
i. Dialogue
j. Scene

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Elements of
Creative
Non-Fiction

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 Plot
• Refers to the series or sequence of events that
give a story its meaning and effect. In most
stories, these events arise out of conflict
experienced by the main character.
• The plot is built around a series of events that
take place within a definite period. It is what
happens to the characters.

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 1. Exposition
• Is the introductory material that creates the tone,
gives the setting, introduces the characters, and
supplies other facts necessary to understanding a
work of literature.
climax

Rising Action Falling Action

Exposition Denouncement

Inciting Incident Resolution

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2. Rising Action
• Rising action is the second section of the
typical plot, in which the main character
begins to grapple with the story’s main
conflict; the rising action contains several
events which usually are arranged in order of
increasing importance.

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3. Climax
• A rhetorical term for rising order of
importance in ideas expressed. In large
compositions – the essays, the short story, the
drama, or the novel – the climax is the point
of highest interest, where the reader makes
the greatest emotional response. In dramatic
structure climax designates the turning point
in the action, the crisis at which the rising
action reverses and becomes the falling action
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4. Falling Action
• Is the part of the plot after the climax,
containing events caused by the climax and
contributing to the resolution

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5. Denouement or resolution
• Is the final unraveling of the plot; the living
solution of a mystery; an explanation or
outcome

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 Point of View
• Refers to the source and scope of the
narrative voice. Point of the view is the
vantage point from which an author presents
a story. It is the position or the standpoint
from which something is observe or
considered

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H. Figures of speech
• Simile – comparison using like or as.

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Literary Genres

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What is a Literary Genre?
A “genre” is
a particular
style or
type of
writing.

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 Most Common Genres:
Fiction Nonfiction
Fables, Folktales, Fairytales Biography
Fantasy, Mystery Autobiography
Myth, Legend Reference
Historical Fiction Essay, Newspaper Article
Realistic Fiction Speeches, Diaries, Letters
Science Fiction Informational
Other Types of Writing: Drama, Poetry
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 Fiction
• Writing that tells about imaginary
people and events

• Stories that are “made up”

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 Fantasy
• In this type of story,
the author has created
a magical world where
anything is possible.
• Fantasy may include
magical beings, talking
animals or other
impossibilities
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 Historical Fiction
• Stories with fictional characters
and events in a historical
setting.
• The story takes the reader back
to a particular time period
where they learn about the
everyday life of a person. The
character may interact with
actual historical characters,
but usually, the main character
is not based on a real person.
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 Science Fiction
• Stories based on
real or imagined
inventions, space
travel or life in other
worlds, usually set
in the future. It
often explores the
unknown.
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Horror & Mystery
• Horror is fiction in
which events evoke
a feeling of fright in
both the characters
and the reader.
• Mystery is fiction
dealing with the
solution of a crime
or the unraveling of
secrets.
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Realistic Fiction
• Stories that could
actually “happen” in
real life.
• The setting is realistic
• The characters speak
and act like real people
• The story describes
real-life problems and
events

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 Fable
•A short story,
usually with animal
characters, that
teaches a lesson
about what is
important in life.

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 Folk Tale
• Story told generation to
generation, usually by
word of mouth.
• Sometimes different
versions in different
cultures
• Original storyteller is
unknown
• Can involve animals,
wishes, magic, trickery
and often the number 3
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Myths
• Myths are early people’s way to
explain the universe.
• Many gods and goddesses are
present in myths
• The gods, goddesses, and heroes
are super human in nature.
• Human emotions are experienced
by the gods.
• Magic is often present in myths.
• Gods sometimes appear in
disguised form
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Legend
• A story, handed down from the past that
people tell as a “true story” but sometimes
the details are difficult to confirm.
• The person telling the story usually does
not claim to be an eyewitness to the
events, but “heard” it from someone who
knows someone who heard it from
someone who was “really” there...
• Legends often contain a moral or a lesson
and are told to uphold the values of the
community.
• They often involve supernatural or religious
elements

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 Tall Tale
• Extraordinary person - the
main character is better at
things than an ordinary person

• Exaggeration – makes
something greater or bigger
than it really could be

• Explanation – explains how

something came to be

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 Fairy Tales
• Often begins with Includes a good
“Once upon a time” character and a bad
or “Long, long ago…” (evil) character
Includes magic
or something Involves a
enchanted problem that
is solved and
Setting is the good
often a people live
forest or a happily ever
castle after
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 Non-Fiction
~ Accounts of real people, places and
events
~ Fact, NOT fiction…
(that’s why it’s called NON-Fiction.

Biography autobiography informational

Textbook instructional reference books
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 Biographies
• A biography is a
true story about a
person’s life or parts
of his/her life
• Written in 3rd
person point of
view (he or she)
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 Autobiographies
• Autobiographies
are books that
people write
about their own
life.
• Written in 1st
person point of
view (I, me, my)
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Informational Writing

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Other Types of
Writing….

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 •lines of poetry (verses)
are written in stanzas
•may include patterns of
rhyme to capture the
reader’s interest

•uses carefully selected

words and phrases to
create vivid pictures in
the reader’s mind

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Drama/Plays
•Presented to an audience
•Has a cast of characters
•May have a narrator who gives
important information
•Parts called acts or scenes
•Has props to help support action
•Dialogue that tells what the actors say
•Stage directions in italics
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 Your Turn…
Name the “genre” of literature for each selection….

1. A book titled “How to be the Best Gardener”

2. A novel about a boy who grows up in the city and learns about life the
hard way.
3. A book titled “All About My Life”
4. A story about two robots who find a ray gun and take over the planet
5. “George Washington, the President” by Adam Wessel
6. Shaden dropped the magic ring to the ground and said “Be gone
dragons!”
7. Andy and Madeline solved the mystery….it was Old Man Winters all
along!
8. The moral of the story, The Ant and the Grasshopper is “Plan Ahead!”
Autobiography Non-Fiction Realistic Fiction Fable Science Fiction Mystery Fantasy Biography

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