Auxillary Power Supply

01-JAug-19
Auxiliary Power Supply
CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DABS STAFF CAPACITY BUILDING

NPA-DABS-96CS-1754-QCBS
1
Purpose of Auxiliary Power Supply
The purpose of auxiliary power

supply systems is to cater for the
necessary energy for the operation
of primary and secondary devices at
the substation.
2
Types of Auxiliary Power Supply
The auxiliary power systems are

normally divided in two categories,
namely
1. AC system and
2. DC system(s)
3
AC Auxiliary Power Supply
AC power is required for :-
 Substation building
 Sub station Lighting
 Heating and Ventilation
 Switchgear operating mechanisms
 Anti condensation heaters
 Motors
4
DC Auxiliary Power Supply
DC power is used to feed essential services such as
 Circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays
 Supervisory control and data acquisition

(SCADA)
 Communications equipment.
5
DC Auxiliary Power Supply battery set
6
1. Typical Loads Supplied
Substation ac auxiliary systems are typically used to

supply loads such as :-
 Transformer cooling, oil pumps and load tap

changers
 Circuit breaker air compressors and charging
motors
 Outdoor device heaters
 Outdoor lighting and receptacles
 Control house
 Motor operated disconnecting switches
7
2. Design Requirements
a. Demand Load
• Tabulate the connected kVA of all substation ac

loads and apply a demand factor to each
• Demand kVA is used to size the auxiliary

transformers
• Load diversity and load factor need not be

considered in this case.
• In auxiliary transformer sizing, examine the

substation growth rate. 8
2. Design Requirements
a. Demand Load
• If expansion is planned in the near future, consider

the estimated demand load of the expansion in the
transformer size
• If expansion is in the far future, it may be

economically advantageous to plan for the addition
of a transformers at expansion time
9
b. Number of Primary Feeds
In small distribution substations one auxiliary
transformer is usually sufficient.
As substation size increase, customer load criticality

increases
A decision has to be made as to redundancy of

substation auxiliary services in light of economics and
customer requirements.
Large transmission substation, servicing large load

blocks and distribution stations, should have dual
feeders serving two separate auxiliary transformers. 10
c. Overhead or underground entry
The auxiliary source could be either overhead or

underground distribution lines.
When under grounding within the substation

property, direct buried conduit is recommended.
A spare, capped, conduit should be installed to

minimize down time if a cable failure occurs.
The faulted cable can always be removed after

service restoration.
11
d. Critical Loads
 Critical load for each station should be determined.
 These loads should be served from a panel fed from the

normal source and representing the minimum load for
transfer to alternative supply.
 Some low-voltage loads have to be maintained at all times for

examples:-
1. Transformer cooling
2. Power circuit breaker compressors and motors
3. Security lighting
4. Breaker control circuits
5. Fire alarm circuit
6. Electric heating 12
8. Auxiliary system fault currents
The protective device has to operate or open during

faults as well as carry load current during normal
conditions or equipment damage could result.
13
Illumination level for Sub station :
Required Illumination (LUX)
Sl.No. Particulars of Sub-Station Area
at Ground Level
1 CONTROL ROOM / Switch gear Room 300
2 Battery Room 150
3 Communication Room 300
4 Offices/Engineers’ Room/Other Office Room 300
5 Toilet 100
6 Outdoor Switchyard area including road 30
7 Stairs 100
8 Corridor 100
9 Road within campus including colony area 30
10 Maintenance room 150
11 Any other spot where high level of illumination required 150
12 Dormitory & ‘C’ type quarters 150
13 Auxiliary Buildings like Pump room and other houses 150
14 ACDB- DCDB room/Store / Store Office 150
15 Conference room 300
16 Tiffin room/Kitchen 150
17 GIS Hall 150
14
Finalization of Lighting load :
1. Finalization of illumination level

Lux is the basic unit of luminance in the International
System of Units (SI).
Lux measures the amount of luminous flux per unit
area.
Lux (lx) is defined as one lumen per square meter
(lm/m2).
1 lx = 1 lm/m2.
15
Finalization of Lighting load :
1. Calculation of load
1. Decide Required luminance
2. Decide type of lamp
3. Calculation of Room Index
4. Calculation of Utilization Factor
UF is defined as the percent of rated bare lamp lumens
that exit the luminaire and reach the work plane
5. calculation of No of Fittings
6. total lighting load calculation
16
Example
Area – 200 Sq mtr ( 20 x 10 )
Required Lux level – 30
Mounting Height – 3 Mtr
Calculate total lighting load
Solution –
1. Type of lamp Halogen bulb 250 watts with 4000 lumens
2. Room Index
Length x Width
= ---------------------------------------------------
Mounting Height x (Length + Width)
20 x 10
= ------------------ = 2.22
3 x (20+10)
17
3. Utilization factor
Provided by manufacturers with ref to area index
Say in this case is 0.66
4. No of Fittings
ExA
N = -----------------------
F x UF x LLF
Where , E = Lux Level required
A = Area
F = Total flux from all the lamps in one fitting
UF = Utilization factor from the table for the fitting to be
used
LLF = Light loss factor (depreciation over time of lamp and
dirt accumulation on fitting)
= Lamp Lumen MF x Luminaire MF x Room Surface MF
= for AC office -0.8, clean industrial -- 0.7,
Dirty Industrial -0.6 18
19
Color of surface Light reflected in percentage

Light white 81%
Light cream 69% to 75%
Light green 65%
Light grey 58%
Medium gray 55%
Dark tan 46%
Dark grey 25%
Dark olive green 15%
Dark red 12%
Natural 23%
20
4. No of Fittings
ExA 30 x 200
N = ------------------- = ------------------------------
F x UF x LLF 1 x 4000 x 0.63 x 0.8
N = 2.976 say 3
Total Lighting load = 1 x 3 x 250

= 750 watts
21
# units =(E x A x M.F)/ (Lumen per lamp x No. of lamps per unit x u.f)
Abr of Formula Symbol UNIT
Area (A) m2
Intensity of light (E) LUX
Maintenance Factor (MF) 1.2
Lumin per Unit (Lum/Lamp) -
No of lamps per Unit (No.Lu/Un) NO
Utilization Factor (UF) 0.55
Maintenance factor or depreciation factor [ efficiency of light reaching working plan] from light catalogue
Intensity of Lighting Per NEC
Living room/Quarters = 350Lux

Toilets, Shower, Latrine, Washrooms = 200 Lux
Mechanical, Electrical Room = 300 Lux
Corridor and Stairway = 200Lux
Office(private) = 500 Lux
Office(open) = 300 Lux
Kitchens(commercial) = 700 Lux
Dining Area = 300Lux
Auditoriums (assembly) = 10 Lux
Auditoriums(social) = 50 Lux
Conference room = 300 Lux

Video Conference = 500 Lux
Armories = 100 Lux
Reading (in chair-casual) = 300 Lux

Reading (in chair-series) = 500 Lux
Reading (at desk-casual) = 300 Lux
Reading (at desk-series) = 500 Lux
Egress path = 10 Lux
Areas adjacent to egress path = 0.5 Lux

• Lighting calculation of a Corridor which have 60m2 area.
• Corridor area = 60m2 [from drawings ]
• lux E= 200 [from tables]

• Type of light = Fluorescent JJ-T8-D
• UF = 0.5 [from light catalogues]
• MF = 1.2 [from light catalogues]
• No of lumens per lamp = 3600 [from light catalogues]
• No of Unit=(200*60*1.2)/(3600*0.5)=8
• Lighting Power=8*2*18= 288 W
Auxiliary transformer capacity selection:
1. Connected kVA of all substation AC loads and

apply a demand factor to each. Demand kVA is
used to size the auxiliary transformer(s).
2. Load diversity and load factor need not be

considered in this case.
3. Examine the substation growth rate
26
Generator Capacity Selection
Generator Selection
 Identification of emergency or Critical load.
 Calculation of critical load demand to be supplied

in emergency
 Selection of DG set KVA rating confirming –

It should run on 80% loading for continuous
load and better efficiency
27
Transfer Bus
Transfer Scheme with primary and alternate source for critical

load
28
Typical Loads Supplied
Substation dc auxiliary systems are typically used

to supply loads consisting of the following:-
1. Relaying, supervisory, alarm and control

equipment
2. Emergency control house lighting
3. Circuit breaker trip and close circuits
29
Types of Cells
 The type of cell for the particular application has

to be selected.
 There is no need for cell standardization on a

power system.
 Once a battery is installed for stationary service,

it stays in place for up to 5 years.
 Interchangeability on the system is unnecessary.

30
The types of secondary cells readily available today

are :-
1. Lead acid
2. Nickle cadmium
3. Lead calcium
31
32
Determination Battery Size
Several basic factors govern the number of cells and rated

capacity of the battery:-
1. The maximum system voltage

2. The minimum system voltage
3. The duty cycle
4. Correction factors
5. Design margin
 A battery string composed of a number of identical cells

connected in series.
 The voltage of the battery is the voltage of a cell multiplied by

the number of cells in series. 33
The ampere hour capacity of a battery string is the same as the
ampere hour capacity of a single cell.
Operating conditions can be charge the available of the battery,

for example:-
1. The available capacity decreases as its temperature

decreases
2. The available capacity decreases as the discharge rate

increases
3. The minimum specified cell voltage at any time during the

battery discharge cycle limits the available capacity.
4. The charging method can affect the available capacity. 34

Calculation of Number of Cells and Minimum Cell
Voltage
The battery voltage is not allowed to exceed a given

maximum system voltage.
The number of cells will be limited by the

manufacturer’s recommended required for
satisfactory charging.
Equation;
35
The minimum battery voltage equals the minimum system
voltage plus any voltage drop between the battery terminals
and the load.
The minimum battery voltage is then used to calculate the

allowable minimum cell voltage.
Equation;
36
Example 1
The dc system voltage limits are from 105 V to 140 V.
The manufacturer recommends a cell voltage of 1.47 V

for satisfactory charging.
The battery and charger must remain directly

connected to the dc system at all times.
Calculate the number of cell and the minimum cell

voltage.
37
Solution
38
DoD Vs. Lifetime
39
Price Vs. Lifetime
40
Temperature
Correction Factor
41
Ampere Hour Capacity
The capacity of battery system is specified in terms of

amperes hours.
It is ampere hours which can be obtained from the
charged batteries before reaching minimum voltage.
Ampere hours capacity is dependent on the
magnitude of the discharge current.
AH= W.h/system voltage
42
Charger Selection
Satisfactory battery life and service are more dependent on

the design and specification of the charging equipment.
Shunt wound DC generators were used for charging

batteries.
For substation service, bridge rectifiers are used.
The ampere capacity of the charger can be determined

using:
43
Charger Selection
Where;
A = charge capacity (ampere)
L = continuous load (ampere)
C = discharge (ampere hour)
H = recharge time (hours)
1.1= constant
44
Example 2
Calculate the charge capacity of the charger with
an 8 hour recharge and continuous load, L is 5
Ampere if:
DC components Ampere Duration (time)

DC lights 3.5 3 hours
Communication 5 3 hours
Breaker operations 100 1 minute
Panel load 5 8 hours
45
Solution 2
DC Component Ampere Duration (time) Discharge hours

DC lights 3.5 3 hours 10.5 AH
Communications 5 3 hours 15 AH
Breaker operations 100 1 minute 1.7 AH
Panel load 5 8 hours 40 AH
Total discharge,
67.2 AH
C
46
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
47
Thank You
48

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01-JAug-19

Auxiliary Power Supply

CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DABS STAFF CAPACITY BUILDING

The purpose of auxiliary power

The auxiliary power systems are

 Sub station Lighting

 Heating and Ventilation

 Switchgear operating mechanisms

 Anti condensation heaters

 Circuit breaker trip coils and associated relays

 Supervisory control and data acquisition

Substation ac auxiliary systems are typically used to

 Transformer cooling, oil pumps and load tap

• Tabulate the connected kVA of all substation ac

• Demand kVA is used to size the auxiliary

• Load diversity and load factor need not be

• In auxiliary transformer sizing, examine the

• If expansion is planned in the near future, consider

• If expansion is in the far future, it may be

As substation size increase, customer load criticality

A decision has to be made as to redundancy of

Large transmission substation, servicing large load

The auxiliary source could be either overhead or

When under grounding within the substation

A spare, capped, conduit should be installed to

The faulted cable can always be removed after

 Critical load for each station should be determined.

 These loads should be served from a panel fed from the

 Some low-voltage loads have to be maintained at all times for

8. Auxiliary system fault currents

The protective device has to operate or open during

1. Finalization of illumination level

Color of surface Light reflected in percentage

Total Lighting load = 1 x 3 x 250

Intensity of Lighting Per NEC

Living room/Quarters = 350Lux

Conference room = 300 Lux

Reading (in chair-casual) = 300 Lux

Areas adjacent to egress path = 0.5 Lux

• Lighting calculation of a Corridor which have 60m2 area.

• Corridor area = 60m2 [from drawings ]

• lux E= 200 [from tables]

• MF = 1.2 [from light catalogues]

• No of lumens per lamp = 3600 [from light catalogues]

1. Connected kVA of all substation AC loads and

2. Load diversity and load factor need not be

3. Examine the substation growth rate

 Identification of emergency or Critical load.

 Calculation of critical load demand to be supplied

 Selection of DG set KVA rating confirming –

Transfer Scheme with primary and alternate source for critical

Typical Loads Supplied

Substation dc auxiliary systems are typically used

1. Relaying, supervisory, alarm and control

2. Emergency control house lighting

3. Circuit breaker trip and close circuits

 The type of cell for the particular application has

 There is no need for cell standardization on a

 Once a battery is installed for stationary service,

 Interchangeability on the system is unnecessary.

The types of secondary cells readily available today

Several basic factors govern the number of cells and rated

1. The maximum system voltage