You will be able to:

o Explain the formation of a volcano

o Describe why and where volcanic
activity occurs
o Highlight the positive and negative
impacts of a volcano under 3 headings:
Social, Economical and Environmental.
o Case Study: Eyjafjallajokull, Iceland.
Volcanic
Activity
“Cyclone” book: Chapter 2

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

 Key words from Plate Tectonics

Magma Colliding
Crust
Continental
Plate Mantle
Oceanic
Core
Convection Currents Sliding
Separating Plate Boundary
Where do volcanoes occur?
• Separating and colliding plate boundaries.
• Magma rushes to the surface. Once it reaches the surface it is called
lava.
• The small hole in the earth’s surface in which lava flows up through is
called a vent.
• When plates drift apart under the ocean, lava pours out. This cools
and hardens, then builds up creating a mid-ocean ridge. Eg. Mid-
Atlantic Ridge.
 Formation of Volcanic Mountains
3. Layers of lava and
1. When two 2. When magma reaches the ash build up around
plates collide surface it is called lava. This cools the vent. A cone-
or separate, and hardens shaped mountain is
magma can formed
rise from the
mantle
Ash cloud- very small
particles released from the
volcano. Can cause major
disruption to airplains
Lava- The name we use
for the magma once it
reaches the surface
Layers of lava- this is
cooled and hardened
lava that has build up
after many volcanic
eruptions
Magma chamber- The
store of magma in the
earth’s crust beneath the
volcano
Crater- The
top of the
volcano where
the lava, ash
and rock are
released
Central/side vent- An
opening in the earth’s
surface where volcanic
material is emitted
Cone- the lava cools
and hardens creating a
cone-shaped mountain
with a crater on top
 Types of Volcanoes
Active

Mount St
Any volcano that has erupted Helens
in the past 10,000 years.
 Types of Volcanoes
Dormant

A volcano that has not

erupted in the past 10,000 Kilimanjaro
years but is expected to erupt
again in the future.
 Types of Volcanoes
Extinct

A volcano that is never

expected to erupt again. Mount Kenya