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PSYCHOLOGY
Lecture by: M.K. Sastry
Lecture 1: Introduction to
Consciousness Studies
Unconscious
Effects of being anaesthetized.
Being in a coma.
Altered States of Consciousness
• Active/dream sleep (Rapid-Eye-Movement Sleep)
• Deep/Non-REM sleep
• Hypnosis
• Meditation
• Effects of consciousness-altering drugs
Philosophical Approaches to
Consciousness
1. Consciousness is not a natural phenomenon,
and therefore cannot be understood by science.
Imagery Questionnaire)
Vividness of Visual Imagery
Questionnaire (Marks, 1973)
Visualise a rising sun. The sun is rising above the
horizon into a hazy sky. Is your image;
1. Perfectly clear and vivid as normal vision.
2. Moderately clear and vivid.
3. Not clear or vivid but recognisable.
4. Vague and dim.
5. No image present at all.
Measuring States of Consciousness
Self-Report Measures
Interviews (e.g., MEI)
brain activity
EEG Recording of Brain Activity
Physiological Measures
Establish the correspondence between bodily
brain activity
Brain imaging techniques (functional magnetic
is experiencing subjectively.
Behavioural Measures
Experimental measures of behaviour that can