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Introduction
Food packaging- essential and pervasive
“constantly changing”.
Marketing process and Package cycle
NEED FOR PACKAGING
Efficient packaging –necessary- link between food producer and consumer (if
not properly performed- product will lose its market value).
Basic needs:
-> Traceability- ability to follow the movement of food thro’ specified stages of
production, processing and distribution- incorporation of unique codes on to the
package labels allows them to track the products thro’ out the distribution process.
-> Convenience – ease of access and handling, product visibility, reseal ability,
boil in packs, microwavable packages- play an important role in minimizing the effort
necessary to prepare and serve.
-> Tamper Indication
Banding -
Secondary
Tertiary
Materials used in food packaging
Package design and construction- play an important role in
rigid forms.
transportation).
Formability
Decorative potential
Recyclability
Aluminium:
properties.
Advantages:
Its natural coating of alumina oxide- provides highly effective barrier against
Pure aluminum- can be used for – light packaging of soft drink cans, pet
foods, sea foods, and pre threaded closures.
Disadvantages of aluminum:
made by rolling pure aluminum metal into very thin sheets- followed
by annealing to achieve dead- fold properties- allows it to be folded
tightly.
available in wide range of thickness- thinner foils- used to wrap food
and thicker foils- used as trays.
Like aluminum- foil also provides an excellent barrier against air,
moisture, odors, light and microorganism.
Inert to acidic foods- does not require any lacquers.
though Aluminum is recyclable- foils cannot be made from recycled
aluminum without pin hole formation in thin sheets.
Laminates and metalized films
Lamination- binding of aluminum foil to paper or plastic film- to
improve barrier properties, to improve sealability and printable
properties.
Aluminum foil laminated with plastics- ensures heat seal ability- seal
does not completely bar moisture and air.
Laminated aluminum- expensive – used for packing of high value
foods- dried soups, herbs and spices.
Alternative to laminates- Metallized films.
Metallized films- plastics containing thin coating of aluminum metal.
films- have improved barrier properties to moisture, oils,air and order,
and highly reflective surface of aluminum – attractive to customers.
more flexible than laminated films.
mainly used for packaging of snacks.
TIN PLATES
Thermosets- polymers that solidify or set irreversibly when heated and cannot be remolded- because strong and durable.
Thermoplastics- polymers that soften on exposure to heat and return to original condition at room temperature.
some health concerns regarding residual monomer and components in plastics- bisphenol A- high intake levels.
FDA – reviews and regulates substance used to make plastics and other packaging materials.
Any substances that can reasonably migrate into the food- classified as indirect food additive- subjected to FDA
regulations.
A threshold of regulation- defined as specific level of dietary exposure that typically induces toxic effects and poses
negligible safety concerns- may be used to exempt the substances used in food contact material from regulation as food
additives.
FDA advises consumers to use plastics for intended purpose in accordance with manufacturers directions to avoid
unintentional safety concerns.
Despite all safety concerns- use of plastics in food industry continues- due to- low cost- thermosealability,
microwavability, unlimited sizes and shapes over traditional glass and tin plate.
Food package design and
development
Marketing pull- prerequisite for successful innovation in packaging material, forms, designs or
process.
Most successful new product development – those implemented as “total product concept’-
with packaging forming integral part of the whole.
Distribution- “journey of the pack from the point of filling to the point of end
use- may also be extended to include packaging reuse, waste discovery and
disposal.