SITE CLEARANCE

The process of site

clearance is
generally
undertaken as part
of enabling works,
carried out to
prepare a site for
construction.it
involves the clearing
the site to allow
other remedial,
treatment or
demolition works to
take place before
the actual
construction works
can begin.
EXCAVATION
Excavation is the
process of moving
earth, rock or
other materials
with tools,
equipment or
explosives. It
includes
earthwork,
trenching, wall
shafts, tunneling
and underground.
EXCAVATORS

BACKHOE

DIPPER-SHOVEL
SKIMMER

DRAGLINE
TRANPORTING EQUIPMENTS
This implies horizontal movement primarily but it can
involve some vertical movement too.

DUMPERS

VIBRATORY
ROLLER
Laying of P.C.C (Plain Cement
Concrete)
Specification:-
Grade of Concrete: 1:4:8
Projection: 100mm
Thickness: 100mm
RAFT FOUNDATION
Specification:-

Area of raft:- 506.17m sq

Thickness of raft:- 550mm
Grade of concrete:- M25(1:1:2)
Grade of steel:- Fe500D
Bottom reinforcement:- 20mm dia @ 110mm c/c(both ways)
Top reinforcement:- 20mm dia @ 110 mm c/c(both ways)
Clear cover:- 50mm
Lap length:- 40 dia
Steel quantity:- 490.94 quintal
Concrete quantity:- 278m cube
RAFT FOUNDATION
STEPS OF CONSTRUCTION
COLUMN
Layout of Columns:-
Check the location of columns from the datum location. If any deficiency
take place within permissible limits, made adjustments accordingly,
otherwise reconstruction of column is done.
Filling of Starters:-
Starters makes the actual positions for const. of
column made of mortar or lean concrete. Thickness
varies from 4-6mm. Make the base to shuttering.
Reinforcement of Column:-
Reinforcement is
done as per given
in drawings. Check
should be made to
the splice length. As
the lateral ties
spacing varies along
the length of column
hence spacing should
be properly
maintained.
Shuttering of Columns:-
Shuttering is either
made of wooden
or steel. Verticality
of shuttering could
be checked by
using plumb bob
and thread. Cover
block must be
provided for better
finishing of
column.
Concreting and curing:-
Casting of column is
done by boom placer.
Vibrator should be used
for compaction and
finishing purpose.
Shuttering of column is
removed after 3 days.
Curing of column is made
by hanging the gunny
bags or sprinkling the
water at regular interval.
Checking the level of column:-
After the
construction of
column the level
and height is
checked by means
of measuring tape
and total station. It
gives actual level
of column and
floors construction.
CONSTRUCTION OF
BEAM AND SLAB
Formwork of beam and slab:-
Formwork of main
beam is first laid on
the column, then
secondary beam
shuttering is placed.
After it, slab
formwork is laid.
Shuttering is
supported by tubular
scaffolding which can
be adjusted later on.
Reinforcement of slab:-

Firstly reinforcement of
beam is done as per
given in drawings.Care
should be taken for
curtailed bar and maintain
the spacing of
struips.Then steel of slab
is laid down to the
required spacing.Top bar
and sunken portion
should be
Properly checked.
Levelling of beam and slab:-
After the reinforcement the level of beam of
beam and slab are checked. a) marking with the
paint on the columns bar at equal level by mean of
water pipe b) join the all point by means of thread
then with the help of tape check the level of beam
and slab. If required adjustment by mean of jack in
scaffoldings.
Concreting, Curing, and De-
shuttering

Casting of slab and beam is made by means

of boom placer. Vibraters should be used at
regular frequency for better compaction. The
thickness and finishing of slab should be
properly maintained. The curing of slab and
beam is done by the ponding method and
sprinkling of water. The shuttering is removed
after 7 days of casting.
Resources of Project

Man

Manag-
Material
ement

Money Machine
 Establishment

Permanent establishment Temporary establishment

 Assistant General  Supervisor

Manager  Masons
 Accountant  Bar benders
 Project Manager  Electricians
 Site in-charge  Labourers
 Engineers
 Lab in-charge and
store in-charge
 MATERIALS
 Cement  White cement
 Coarse sand  Plastic pipes
 Fine sand  G.I pipes
 10mm aggregate  Electric wires
 20mm aggregate  Bitumen
 Steel  Water proofing
 Brick  Termite proofing
 Admixture  Fire resistance
 Chips  Point and varnish
 Battens
 Scaffolding and Shuttering
 CEMENT
OPC
• Ordinary portland cement
• Used in the construction of
foundation, column, beam and
slab.

PPC
• Pozzolona portland cement
• Used for the finishing work like
plastering pointing and brick work.
SAND & AGGREGATES
Sands
• Classified as coarse sands & fines sands.
• Obtained from Pathankot river.
• Rate of one cubic meter is 750rs to 920rs.
• Having effect of bulking if batching by volume.
Aggregates
• Classified as two sizes 10mm & 20mm.
• Obtained from Pathankot crusher.
• Rate of one cubic meter is 780rs to 850rs.
 STEEL
• Grade used as 500d.
• Dia varies from 8mm to 25mm.
• Manufacturer is TATA and sail.
• Rate of one tonne is 4800rs to 5000rs.
• Upto 12mm steel in form of coils.
• Difference between 500 & 500d is percent of elongation and
ductility.
 ADMIXTURE
• Plasticizers.
• Retarder and maintain strength.
• Company is STP limited company.
• One drum= 250kg.
 BRICKS
• Having size of 220x110x75mm.
• Strength is 75kg/cm sq.
• Prices are 4000rs per 100 no/-
• Local manufacturer.