CHAPTER 8

THE CAMPAIGN FOR

REFORMS
THE ROLE OF THE MIDDLE CLASS
Non-Existent in previous centuries the
middle class composed of:

■Spanish
■ Chinese mestizos
■Peninsulares- Spaniards born in Spain.
■Insulares- Spaniards born in the
Philippines.
Governor General Basilio Augustin

■ Spanish Governor of the Philippines.

 General Carlos Maria de la Torre
■ Was a Spanish soldier and politician.
■ He served as Governor-General of the Philippines from 1869 to 1871.
■ Considered to be the most beloved of the Spanish Governors-General
ever assigned in the Philippines.
The Assimilation of the
Philippines
■ transformation of the Philippines to a province of Spain and
making the Filipino fellow Spaniards, was to be accomplished in a
peaceful manner.
The Great Reformists
 GRACIANO LOPEZ JAENA
■ Born in Jaro, now a part of Iloilo City, on 17 December
1856. His parents were Placido Lopez and Maria Jacobo
Jaena.
■ He published tale entitled "FRAY BOTOD“.
■ He became the first editor of LA SOLIDARIDAD
■ IN 1891 JAENA PUBLISHED BOOK UNDER THE TITLE OF
DISCURSOS Y ARTICULOS VARIOS.
MARCELO H. DEL PILAR
■ In 1882, he founded the DIARIONG TAGALOG.
■ 1888- He wrote PAMPHLET.
■ Under DEL PILAR the aims of SOL were expanded to include:
– The removal of the friars and secularization of the parishes
– Active participation in the affairs of the government
– Freedom of speech, of the press, and of assembly
– A wider social and political freedom
The Parodied Ten Commandments of
the Friars
1. Thou shalt worship and love the friars above all.
2. Thou shalt not cheat them of their stipends.
3. Thou shalt sanctify the friar, Sundays or holidays.
4. Thou shalt pawn thyself to pay for the burial of thy father and mother.
5. Thou shalt not die if thou has not the money to pay for thine interment.
6. Thou shalt not covet his wife.
7. Thou shalt not steal with him.
8. Thou shalt not accuse him even if thou be called a liar.
9. Thou shalt not refuse him your wife.
10. Thou shalt not deny him your property.
JOSE RIZAL
■ THE MOST CULTURED OF THE REFORMISTS.
■ WRITTEN POEM SA AKING KABATA.
■ At 18, HE WON FIRST PRIZE IN LITERARY CONTEST. HIS WORK ENTITLED A LA
JUVENTAD FILIPINA.
■ NOLI ME TANGERE
■ LA SOLIDARIDAD
 LA SOLIDARIDAD
■ was a Spanish-language newspaper and was the
main voice of the Propaganda Movement for reforms
in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period.
THE HISPANO-FILIPINO ASSOCIATION

■ an organization composed of Filipinos and

Spaniards, was formed in Madrid, Spain calling
for reforms in the Philippines during Spanish
colonization.
THE ROLE OF MANSONRY
■ The masonry is the oldest and largest fraternal organization in the world. In the
Philippines, masonry was introduced in 1856 with the establishment of the first
masonic lodge in the province of Cavite.
■ Mansonry a civic movement promoting fraternity and good works. Also a group of
men who agree that God is central in their lives, that God compels them to do good
in the community.
TEODORO M. KALAW, LA
MASONERIA FILIPINA
■ He grew up to become the “great interpreter and defender of Filipino liberty and
nationalism,” becoming the editor of El Renacimiento in 1907.
■ He was able to produce the following works: Manual de Ciencia Politica (1918), La
Masoneria Filipinia (1920), La Revolucion Filipina (1924), Court-Martial of Andres
Bonifacio (1926), and La Campaña del Kuomintang
LA LIGA FILIPINA
July 3,1892, Rizal and a group of patriotic Filipinos ,including Andres Bonifacio founded
La Liga Filipina.
Civic society called “La Propaganda” was established.
Funds of the society used in the
following manner:
1. A member or his son without financial means but with Enough ability
and industry shall be supported
2. The poor shall be supported against the rich and powerful.
3. Any member who suffered losses shall be given financial help.
4. Stores and shops shall be opened which would sell goods To members
at low prices.
5. Machines shall be introduced in order to promote industries.
AIMS OF THE LIGA
▪Unite the whole country
▪ Protect and assist all members
▪ Fight violence and injustice
▪ Support education
▪ Study and implement reforms
THE FAILURE OF THE REFORM
MOVEMENT HISTORY
■ The Reform Movement failed in its campaign for reforms due to the following:
■ 1. Spain was too pre-occupied with its own internal problems to give a moment’s
thought to the colonial problem;
■ 2. The reform movements in the Philippines lacked sufficient means to carry out
their aims. There were no enough funds.
■ 3. The propagandists were divided against themselves by petty jealousy. Thus, the
ties among them weakened.
THE REVOLUTION: FIRST PHASE
The Katipunan became especially popular in the
suburbs of Manila and in the provinces of Central Luzon.
But as the number of its affiliates increased, the Spanish
authorities began to suspect its underground character.
The friars began to denounce the nightly meeting held by
the Katipuneros and on August 19, 1896, Patiño exposed
the society to Fr. Mariano Gil.