FERROUS METALS

ALAN KENNEDY
FERROUS METALS

 THE BASIC SUBSTANCE USED IN

FERROUS METALS SUCH AS STEEL AND
CAST IRON(GRAY AND MALLEABLE) IS
IRON.
 IT IS USED IN THE FORM OF PIG IRON.
 IRON IS THE BASE METAL, MEANING
THAT IT IS AN ALLOYING AGENT IN MANY
DIFFERENT METALS.
IRON PROCESS
FROM FERROUS
 IRON IS PRODUCED FROM IRON
ORE THAT OCCURS CHIEFLY IN
NATURE AS AN OXIDE,THE TWO
MOST IMPORTANT OXIDES
BEING HEMATITE AND
MAGNETITE.
 IRON ORE IS REDUCED TO PIG
IRON IN A BLAST FURNANCE ,
AND THE IMPURITIES ARE
REMOVED IN A FORM OF SLAG.
 RAW MATERIALS CHARGED INTO
THE FURNANCE INCLUDE IRON
ORE,COKE,AND LIMESTONE.
 THE PIG IRON PRODUCED IS
USED TO MANUFACTURE STEEL
OR CAST IRON.
COMMON FERROUS METALS
INCLUDE:

 STAINLESS STEELS
 TUNGSTEN CARBIDE
 CARBON,TOOL AND ALLOY
STEEL
FURNACE HEAT
TREATMENT
MECHANISM
 FERROUS METAL COMPOSITION

 CAST IRON ALLOY OF IRON AND 2.5% CARBON,1.3% ADICON AND TRACES
OF MAGNESIUM,SULPHUR AND PHOSPHORUS
 MID STEEL ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.15-0.3% CARBON
 MEDIUM ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.35-0.7% CARBON
CARBON STEEL
 HIGH ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON 0.7-1.5% CARBON
CARBON STEEL
 STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY OF IRON AND CARBON WITH 16-20% CHROMIUM
 HIGH SPEED STEEL ALLOY OF IRON AND 0.35-0.7% CARBON WITH
TUNGSTEN,CHROMIUM,VANADIUM,COBALT.
 CAST IRON
 CAST IRON IS A GROUP OF IRON-
CARBON ALLOYS WITH A
CARBON CONTENT GREATER
THAN 2%.
 ITS USEFULLNESS DERIVES
FROM ITS RELATIVELY LOW
MELTING TEMPERATURE.
 THE CAST IRONS PROPERTIES
ARE CHANGED BY ADDING
VARIOUS ALLOYING ELEMENTS
OR ALLOYANTS.
 CAST IRON IS HARD
,BRITTLE,NONMALLEABLE(i.e it
cannot be bent, stretched or
hammered into shape)AND
MORE FUSIBLE THAN STEEL
WROUGHT IRON

 IT IS AN IRON ALLOY WITH A VERY LOW CARBON

CONTENT TO CAST IRON.
 WROUGHT IRON IS
TOUGH,MALLEABLE,DUCTILE,CORROSION-RESISTANT
AND EASILY WELDED.
 BRFORE THE DEVELOPMENT OF EFFECCTIVE
METHODS OF STEEL MAKING AND THE AVAILABILITY
OF LARGE QUANTITIES F STEEL,WROUGHT IRON WAS
THE COMMON FORM OF MALLEABEL IRON.
PIG IRON AND STEEL

 PIG IRON IS THE INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT OF

SMELTING IRON ORE INTO AN TRANSPORTABLE INGOT
OF IMPURE HIGH CARBON-CONTENT IRON AS AN
INGREDIENT FOR FURTHER PROCESSING STEPS.
 IT IS THE MILTEN IRON FROM THE BLAST
FURNANCE,WHICH IS A LARGE AND CYLINDER-SHAPED
FURNANACE MOWADAYSNNORMALLY CHARGED WITH
IRONORE , COKE,AND LIMESTONE.
 PIG IRON HAS A VERY HIGH CARBON
CONTENT,TYPICALLY 3.5-4.5%
WROUGHT PIG IRON
IRON
STRUCTURAL STEEL

 IT IS A CATEGORY OF STEEL USED AS A

CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL FOR MAKING STRUCTURAL
STEEL SHAPES.
 A STRUCTURAL STEEL SHAPE IS A PROFILE, FORMED
WITH A SPECIFIC CROSS SECTION AND FOLLOWING
CERTAIN STANDARDS FOR CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES.
 ITS
SHAPES,SIZES,COMPOSITION,STRENGTHS,STORAGEPR
ACTICES,ETC ARE REGULATED BY STANDARDS IN
MOST INDUSTRIALIZED COUNTRIES.
MARKET FORMS OF STEEL

 ANGLE SECTION
 CHANNEL SECTION
 T SECTION
 I SECTION
 FLAT BARS
 ROUND BARS
 EXPANDED METAL
 PLATES
 CORRUGATED SHEETS
 MID STEEL