“GERUND”

Class Group
S1 TEKNIK SIPIL B 2019 10

Name Good Very good Exellent Super Exellent

Fitrianisa Krisna

M. Farooq Utama
Stevan Sembiring

Tenses Consultation Date

1. Simple past tense First
2. Simple future tense Second

Lecturer : Ir. Nurhayati Aritonang, M.T.

GERUND
 DEFINITION of GERUND

Gerund comes from the Latin gerundium, which itself derives from the
gerundive of the Latin verb gero, namely gerundu meaning "(which is) to
be carried out".

The gerund is the form that names the action of the verb (for instance,
playing is the action of "to play"). In some cases, a noun ending in -ing
sometimes serves as a gerund (as in I like building / I like building things,
I like painting / I like painting pictures, and I like writing / I like writing
novels).

Source : http://www.ebooklibrary.org/articles/eng/Gerund

M. FAROOQ UTAMA
 SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Simple past tense is a sentence tenses used to express event that
occured in the past and have ended in the past.

Formula

Verbal : S + V2 + O/C
Example : Sasa drew a building structure yesterday.

Nominal : S + was/were + O/C

Example : Kiki was finished the construction of the building last week.

Source : https://www.yec.co.id/inggris/simple-past-tense/

STEVAN SEMBIRING
 SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Simple future tense is a tense sentences that is used to indicate events that
have not yet occured will occur the future and have ended in the future.

Formula

Verbal : S + will/shall + V1 + O
Example : Tyo will take a building structure exam next month.

Nominal : S + will/shall + be + noun/adjective/adverb

Example : You shall be a contractor next year.

Source : https://www.ruangbelajarbahasainggris.com/contoh-kalimat-verbal-
dan-nominal-simple-future-tense-positif-negatif-interogatif-dan-artinya.html

FITRIANISA KRISNA
 GERUND PHRASE

Definition of gerund phrase

English : Gerund phrases are phrases consisting of gerunds , objects , and / or modifiers .
Modifier itself is a word, phrase , or clause that functions as an adjective ( adverb )
or adverb ( adverb ) that explains a word or group of words another, in this case, gerund .

Indonesia : Frasa Gerund adalah frasa yang terdiri dari gerund , objek , dan /
atau pengubah .
Pengubah sendiri terdiri dari kata, frasa , atau klausa yang berfungsi sebagai kata
sifat (kata sifat) atau kata keterangan (kata keterangan) yang menerangkan kata atau
kelompok kata lain, dalam hal ini, gerund .

Example
-Cleaning kitchen cabinets
cleaning = gerund
kitchen cabinet : direct object ( objek secara langsung )
-Bachelor degree of civil engineering class B getting the best score in the calculus
getting = gerund
the best score = direct object
in math : modifier

Source : https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/gerund-phrase/

STEVAN SEMBIRING
 Kinds of gerund
1. Gerund as Subject (Gerund sebagai Subjek)
2. Gerund as Object (Gerund sebagai Objek)
3. Gerund as Complement (Gerund sebagai
komplemen)
4. Gerund after Preposition (Gerund setelah
Preposisi)
(*to dalam kalimat tersebut adalah preposition,
jadi harus diikuti oleh gerund. Ada 4 preposition
‘to’ yang diikuti oleh gerund diantaranya: be
used to, object to, be looking forward to, be
accustomed to.)
source : http://kelasbahasainggris.com/penjelasan-lengkap-gerund/
Example
1. Reading is my hobby.
2. Drawing structure is my favorite lesson.
1. Shinta and Shanti like singing.
2. Ardi likes to calculate planning.
1. Her favorite hobby is dancing.
2. Her favorite hobby is drawing.
1. I am used to* speaking loudly.
2. You object to* signing this letter.
3. She is looking forward to* hearing good news.
4. I am accustomed to* sleeping late on the
weekend.
5. I am used to* calculating calculus.
6. You object to* signing this land certificate.
7. She is looking forward to* getting a
development project.
8.. I am accustomed to* measuring land area.
FITRIANISA KRISNA
 APPOSITIVE GERUND

Meaning of Appositive
Appositive phrase is a noun form of the word (noun) or pronoun in English (pronouns) that is
used to describe Noun (noun) or pronoun (pronouns) which are present in a sentence.

An example: is, in the sentence 'Mrs. Anis, a 2nd grade math teacher , is a person who is
good at cooking', the phrase ' 2nd grade math teacher ' is an appositive phrase that is
behind the noun 'Bu Anis' which is the noun described.

contohnya adalah, dalam kalimat ‘Bu Anis, guru matematika kelas 2 SD, adalah seorang
yang pandai memasak’, frasa ’ guru matematika kelas 2 SD’ merupakan appositive phrase
yang berada di belakang noun ‘Bu Anis’ yang merupakan noun yang dijelaskan.

Source : https://www.wordsmile.com/pengertian-contoh-kalimat-appositive-phrase
https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/

M. FAROOQ UTAMA
 FORMS OF GERUND

A. The Perfect Gerund (Gerund Berbentuk Perfect Tense)

1. Present tense, misalnya: learning, walking, reading, driving etc.
2. Perfect tense, misalnya: having learned, having read, having walked, having written etc.
dan biasanya digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa yang terjadi lebih dahulu dari pada
peristiwa lain.

Example : I regret not having taken her advice (saya menyesal tidak menuruti
nasehatnya; tidak menuruti nasehatnya terjadi lebih dahulu dari pada menyesal)

Example :
I shall not having read a Indonesian national standards. (verbal)
I shall be confusion not having read a Indonesian national standards.(nominal)

Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/

STEVAN SEMBIRING
 FORMS OF GERUND
B. Passive form in gerund can function as subject, object, and object of
preposition in a sentence. The following formulas and examples of passive form
in gerund.

FORMULA : BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE

Subject Being accompanied with
contractor to plan building
design
(ditemani dengan kontaktor
untuk merencanakan
perancangan bangunan)

The object Me amazed being taken to the

beach building project .
(saya kagum dibawa ke proyek
bangunan )

Object of Preposition My brother's happy from being

taken to the beach.
(saudara-saudaraku senang
dibawa ke pantai.)

Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/
FITRIANISA KRISNA
GERUND USE

A. COMPOUND NOUNS OR MODIFIER

The use of gerund as compound nouns or modifiers placed before nouns gives
the function of giving meaning to the meaning of a tool or place (something
used).

Example :
1. Shopping bag
2. Building hospital

Example of sentences :
1. There is no shooping bags.
2. Mr. Budi will working on a project to build a hospital. (verbal)
3. Mr. Budi will be hard worked on a project to building a hospital. (nominal)

Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/
M. FAROOQ UTAMA
GERUND USE

B. HEAD
Gerund as the head of a word that functions as explained.

Example :
1. Swimming suit
2. We shall determining the budget before building s house. (verbal)
3. We shall be accurate for determining the budget before building a house. (nominal)

C. USED BEHIND THE WORD “NO”

Gerund behind the word "no" has the function to form short sentences that state
prohibitions or warnings.

Formula : no + gerund
Example :
1. No parking!
2. Sir Anto will no pressing the civil engineering students. (verbal)
3. Sir Anto will be patient by not pressing the civil engineering students. (nominal)

STEVAN SEMBIRING
Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/
GERUND USE
D. GERUND BEHIND “POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVE” OR
“POSSESIVE NOUN”

Example :
1. Yuanita’s cooking is very delicious.
2. Stevan’s assembling toys.
3. The contractor will building a beautiful bridge. (verbal)
4. The contractor will be persistent building a beautiful bridge. (nominal)

E. SAYINGS

used in expressions
Example :
1. Seeing is believing.
2. Krisna will campaign about building is innovating. (verbal)
3. Krisna will be spirit to campaign bulding is inovating. (nominal)

Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/
FITRIANISA KRISNA
 GERUND USE

F. AFTER PREPOSITION
Number Formula Example
1 Verb + Preposition + 1. He thinks of studying aboard.
Gerund 2. She will plan of studying the civil engineering at
Australia next year. (verbal)
3. She will be diligent of studying the civil
engineering at Australia next year. (nominal)
2 Adjective + Preposition 1. The boy is afraid of falling from tree.
+ Gerund 2. The girl will happy of getting project
development tasks. (verbal)
3. The girl will be very happy of getting project
development tasks. (nominal)

3 Noun + Preposition + 1. You have no reason for leaving so early.

Gerund 2. You will have no reason for forgetting the task of
analyzing certain static structures. (verbal)
3. You will have no reason for forgetting the task of
analyzing certain static structures. (nominal)

4 Preposition + Gerund 1. He goes out without saying anything.

2. She will to using theodolite. (verbal)
3. She will try to using theodolite. (nominal)
M. FAROOQ UTAMA
Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/
 GERUND USE

G. CERTAIN VERBS
Certain verbs that use gerund afterwards are: delay, resist, advice,
deny, keep, recall, risk, stop, avoid, enjoy, mind, miss, regret, tolerate,
finish, forget, consider, remember , understand, complete, suggest,
and so forth.

Example :
1. They enjoy playing scrabble.
2. Shinta will complete tasking the build structure tomorrow. (verbal)
3. Shinta will be speedy complete tasking the build structure
tomorrow. (nominal)

Source : https://www.intraxenglish.com/gerund/

STEVAN SEMBIRING
 EXERCISE

1. Our new building structure teacher, who be used to glasses and good looking, is Mr.
Berkat
a. Uses b. Use c. Using d. Be used e. To use
2. "Mom, is it a good idea if I spend my holiday in Lampung for a week while looking at
building projects that are being worked on by Krishna's father with my friends?”
“Sorry, I do not think so, I would advise you holiday in your grandmother’s town, my darling
with us”
a. Spent b. To spend c. Will spend d. Spending e. Spend
3. My daughter has looked forward to a graduation gift from her brother as an
engineering graduate in another city this week
a. Get b. Getting c. Be getting d. Being getting e. Got
4. ______ a analysis of certain static structures
can be very interesting.
a. Learn b. Learned c. Learning d. To learning e. Be learning
5. At New Year’s Eve ______ continued until early in the morning.
a. To calculate b.They calculate c. Calculating d. Calculate e. For calculating
6.He asked ………… (come) with us
7.I promise ………… (help) you tomorrow.
8.We discussed …………… (go) to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at
home.
9.She agreed ………… (bring) the pudding to the dinner
10.I don’t recommend …………. (take) the bus – it takes forever!
ANSWER
1. Jawaban : C
Pembahasannya:karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis
kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus
menggunakan gerund (v-ing) berupa kata “be used to ” meskipun
berbentuk the perfect tense, maka jaawaban yang memenuhi adalah
“using”

2. Jawaban: D
Pembahasannya :karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis
kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus
menggunakan gerund (v-ing) berupa kata “advise” meskipun berbentuk
the perfect tense, maka jaawaban yang memnuhi adalah “spending”
3. Jawaban :B
Pembahasannya :karena dalam kalimat tersebut ada salah satu jenis
kata yang memang termasuk dalam daftar kata yang harus
menggunakan gerund (v-ing) berupa kata “s looked forward to ”
meskipun berbentuk the perfect tense, maka jaawaban yang memnuhi
adalah “getting”

4. Jawaban : A
Keyword : can be very interesting
Pembahasan : Kalimat ini memburuhkan subjek. Jadi yang dibutuhkan
adalah subjek berbentuk gerund.

5. Jawaban : C
Keyword : continued
Pembahasan : pada kalimat tidak terdapat subjek. Jadi yang dibutuhkan
subjek berupa gerund
6. He asked coming with us
7. I promise helping you tomorrow.
8. We discussed to go to the cinema, but in the end we stayed at home.
9. She agreed to bring the pudding to the dinner
10. I don’t recommend Taking the bus – it takes forever!