Waveguide Tee

(E plane Tee, H Plane Tee and E H Plane Tee)

Presented By-
ECE-11/16 ECE-16/16
ECE-12/16 ECE-17/16
ECE-13/16 ECE-18/16
ECE-14/16 ECE-19/16
ECE-15/16 ECE-20/16
 A waveguide is an electromagnetic feed line used in microwave communications, broadcasting
and radar installations.
 A waveguide consists of a rectangular or cylindrical metal tube or pipe.
 The electromagnetic field propagates lengthwise.
 A waveguide tee is a 3-port device that can be used to either divide or combine power in a
waveguide system.
 It is formed when three waveguide tubes are connected in the form of the English alphabet ‘T’.
• Port 3 is called E-arm.
• Port 1 and Port 2 are the side arms.
• If input is in E-arm, then output in the side
arms.
• Since the E-arm is perfectly matched,
therefore Port 1 and Port 2 are out of
phase.
• Reflection at Port 3 will be 0.
• It is called an E-type T junction because the
junction arm, i.e. the top of the "T" extends
from the main waveguide in the same
direction as the E field.
 The properties of E-plane tee can be defined by its 3x3 matrix
[S].
𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13
[S] = 𝑆21 𝑆22 𝑆23
𝑆31 𝑆32 𝑆33

 Here E arm is perfectly matched,

S33 = 0
 If input is at Port 3, then output at Port 1 and Port 2 is same
and out of phase.
S13 = -S23
 As per symmetricity,
Sij = Sji
=> S12 = S21, S13 = S31, S23 = S32

𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13

𝑆12 𝑆22 −𝑆13
𝑆13 −𝑆13 0

R1C1 => S112 + S122 + S132 = 1 ----------------(1)

R2C2 => S122 + S222 + S132 = 1-----------------(2)
R3C3 => S132 + S132 = 1 --------------------------(3)
(3) => S13 = 1/√2-------------------(4)
(1) => S112 + S122 = 1/2---------(5)
(2) => S122 + S222 = 1/2---------(6)
(6) => S11 = S22
To get the values of S11, S12 and S12,
R11xR31 + R12xR32 + R13xR33 = 0
=> S11S13 + S12(-S13) + 0 = 0
=> S11 = S12
Also S11 = S22
Therefore the final [S] matrix is,

1/2 1/2 1/√2

1/2 1/2 −1/√2
1/√2 −1/√2 0
 Wi-Fi device
 Cordless telephone
 Weather radar systems
 Satellite communication systems
 H Plane Tee
*An H-Plane Tee junction is formed
by attaching a simple waveguide
to a rectangular waveguide which
already has two ports.

*The arms of rectangular

waveguides make two ports
called collinear ports i.e., Port1
and Port2, while the new one,
Port3 is called as side arm or H-
arm.
• This H-plane Tee is also
called as Shunt Tee.

• *As the axis of the side arm

is parallel to the magnetic
field, this junction is called
H-Plane Tee junction. This is
also called as Current
junction, as the magnetic
field divides itself into arms.
• If the H-plane junction is completely
symmetrical and waves enter
through the side arm, the waves
that leave through the mains arms
are equal in magnitude and phase.

• When two inputs are fed into port-1

and port-2 of the arms(collinear),
output at port-3 will be in phase
and also additive in nature. On the
other side, if input is fed at port-3,
the waves get split equally into port-
1 and port-2 with in-phase and will
have same magnitude.
The properties of Magic tee or H plane tee can be defined by its
Scattering Matrix (3x3 matrix, [S]).

It is a 3×3 matrix as there are 3 possible inputs and 3 possible outputs.

𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13

[𝑆]= 𝑆21 𝑆22 𝑆23 ........ Equation 1
𝑆31 𝑆32 𝑆33
 Scattering coefficients S13 and S23 are equal here as the junction is symmetrical
in plane
S13=S23

 From the symmetric property,

Sij=Sji
S12=S21 S23=S32 S13=S31

 The port is perfectly matched

S33= 0
 Now, the [S] matrix can be written as,

𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13

[S]= 𝑆12 𝑆22 𝑆13 ...... Equation 2
𝑆13 𝑆13 0

 We can say that we have four unknowns, considering the symmetry property.

 From the Unitary property

[S][S]∗=[I]
 ∗ ∗ ∗
𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆 11 𝑆 12 𝑆 13 1 0 0
∗ ∗ ∗
 𝑆12 𝑆22 𝑆13 𝑆 12 𝑆 22 𝑆 13 =
𝑆13 𝑆13 0
∗
𝑆 13
∗
𝑆 13 0 0 1 0
0 0 1

Multiplying we get,

R1C1 : S11S∗11 + S12S∗12+S13S∗13=1

|S11|2+|S12|2+|S13|2=1 ........ Equation 3

R2C2: |S12|2+|S22|2+|S13|2=1 ......... Equation 4

 ∗ ∗ ∗
𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆 11 𝑆 12 𝑆 13 1 0 0
∗ ∗ ∗
• 𝑆12 𝑆22 𝑆13 𝑆 12 𝑆 22 𝑆 13 = 0 1 0
∗ ∗
𝑆13 𝑆13 0 𝑆 13 𝑆 13 0 0 0 1

R3C3: |S13|2+|S13|2=1 ......... Equation 5

𝟏
2|S13|2=1 or S13=
√𝟐

R3C1: S13S*11−S13S*12=0
Since, S13 ≠0, S*11 + S*12 =0, or S*11=−S*12
Or S11=−S12 or S12=−S11 ......... Equation 6
Performing (Equation 3)-(Equation4)
We get |S11|2=|S22|2

S11=S22 ......... Equation 7

Substituting values of S13 and using Equation 6 in Equation 4,

1 1 𝟏
|S11|2+|S11|2+ =1 or 2|S11|2= or S11= ........ Equation 8
2 2 𝟐

• From equation 6 and 7,

𝟏
S12= − ...... Equation 9
𝟐
𝟏
S22= ...... Equation 10
𝟐
• Substituting for S13, S11, S12 and S22 in equation 2,
We get,
1 −1 1
2 2 √2
−1 1 1
[S]= 2 2 √2
1 1
0
√2 √2

• This is the scattering matrix for H-Plane Tee, which explains its
scattering properties.
Differences between E-plane and H-
plane tee junction :-
E-Plane
1. The E-plane is the plane which
contains the electric field vector
which is also known as the E
aperture, and the direction of
maximum radiation.
2. The E-plane or electric field
determines the orientation or
polarization of the radio wave. For
a vertically polarized antenna it
coincides with the elevation or
vertical plane. For a horizontally
polarized antenna it coincides with
the azimuth or horizontal plane.
3. The E-plane and H-plane have to
be 90 degrees apart.
H-plane
This plane contains the magnetic field
vector or the H aperture and the
direction of maximum radiation. Its
magnetizing field lies at a right angle
to the E-plane. For a vertically
polarized antenna it coincides with
the horizontal or azimuth plane. For a
horizontally polarized antenna it
coincides with the vertical or
elevation plane.
E-H Plane Tee or Magic Tee
 What is E-H plane tee or Magic Tee?
 An E-H Plane Tee junction is formed by attaching two simple
waveguides one parallel and the other series, to a rectangular
waveguide which already has two ports. This is also called as
Magic Tee or Hybrid Tee.
 The arms of rectangular waveguides make two ports called
collinear ports i.e., Port 1 and Port 2, while the Port 3 is called as
H-Arm or Sum port or Parallel port. Port 4 is called as E-Arm or
Difference port or Series port.
Working of E-H Plane Tee or Magic
Tee
 The cross-sectional details of Magic Tee can be understood by the
following figure.
 Port 3(H-arm) and Port 4(E-arm) are perfectly matched i.e S33 = S44 = 0.

 Port 3 and Port 4 are isolated to each other i.e. S34 = S43 = 0.

 Here if the input is given at Port 4(E-arm) then output at Port 1 and Port 2 is same
but out of phase i.e S14 = -S24 .

 Here if the input is given at Port 3(H-arm) then output at Port 1 and Port 2 is same
and in phase i.e. S13 = S23 .
The properties of Magic tee or E-H plane tee can be defined by
its
4x4 matrix [S].
𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆14
𝑆21 𝑆22 𝑆23 𝑆24
[𝑆]=
𝑆31 𝑆32 𝑆33 𝑆34
𝑆41 𝑆42 𝑆43 𝑆44
 As per symmetricity we have Sij = Sji

Therefor S12 = S21, S13 = S31, S14 = S41, S23 = S32, S24 = S42

𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆14 𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆14

𝑆21 𝑆22 𝑆23 𝑆24 𝑆12 𝑆22 𝑆13 −𝑆14
𝑆34 = 𝑆13
[𝑆]=
𝑆31 𝑆32 𝑆33 𝑆13 0 0
𝑆41 𝑆42 𝑆43 𝑆44 𝑆14 −𝑆14 0 0
Now to have a solution of this matrix we will use the property:
𝑠 𝑠∗ = 𝐼
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆14 𝑆11 𝑆12 𝑆13 𝑆14 1 0 0 0
∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
𝑆12
𝑆13
𝑆22
𝑆13
𝑆13
0
−𝑆14
0
𝑆12
∗
𝑆13
𝑆22
∗
𝑆13
𝑆13
0
−𝑆14
0
= 0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
𝑆14 −𝑆14 0 0 ∗ ∗ 0 0 0 1
𝑆14 −𝑆14 0 0

𝑅1 𝐶1 => 𝑆11
2
+ 𝑆12
2
+ 𝑆13
2
+𝑆14
2
= 1 ---------------(1)
𝑅2 𝐶2 => 𝑆12
2
+ 𝑆22
2
+ 𝑆13
2
+𝑆14
2
= 1 ---------------(2)
𝑅3 𝐶3 => S132 + S132 = 1 --------------------------(3)
𝑅3 𝐶3 => S142 + S142 = 1 --------------------------(4)
• On Solving equation 3 and 4 weShave13 = and S14 = 1/√2
1/√2
• Putting values of S13 and S14 in equation 1 and 2
and on further solving we have

𝑆11 = 𝑆22 = 𝑆12 = 0

• Putting all the values in the 𝑆 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒

1 1
0 0
√2 √2
1 1
0 0 −
√2 √2
𝑆 = 1 1
0 0
√2 √2
1 1
− 0 0
√2 √2
 MAGIC TEE JUNCTION IS USED TO MEASURE THE IMPEDENCE
A null detector is connected to E-Arm port while the microwave source is
connected to H-Arm
Port. The collinear ports together with these ports make a bridge and the
impedance
Measurement is done by balancing the bridge.

 MAGIC TEE IS USED AS A DUPLEXER

The duplexer is a circuit which works as both the transmitter and the receiver using a
single
Antenna for both the purposes. Port 1 and 2 are used as receiver and transmitter
where they
Are isolated and hence will not interfere. An antenna is connected to E-Arm port. A
matched
Load is connected to H-Arm port which provides no reflections. Now there exit
transmission
Or reception without any problem.
 MAGIC TEE IS USED AS A MIXER
E-Arm port is connected to the antenna and the H-Arm port is connected to local oscillator
Port 2 has matched load which has no reflection and port 1 has the mixer circuit which get
Half of the signal power and half of the oscillator power to produce 1F frequency.

 MAGIC TEE JUNCTION IS ALSO USED AS MICROWAVE BRIDGE,MICROWAVE

DISCRIMINATOR etc.