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Laboratory Lecture # 1 Microscopy, Blood

Collection Materials
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MICROSCOPY : is the technical field of using microscopes to
view samples and objects that cannot be seen with the
unaided eye (objects that are not within the resolution range
of the normal eye)

BRANCHES
 OPTICAL Involves diffraction, reflection, or refraction of
 ELECTRON electromagnetic radiation/electron beams
interacting with the specimen
 SCANNING MICROSCOPY-involves the interaction of a
scanning probe with the surface of the object of interest.

MICROSCOPE : s an instrument used to see objects that are

too small for the naked eye.
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MICROSCOPE USE
LIGHT MICROSCOPE Unstained and stained blood and bone
marrow smears and cell counting
PHASE CONTRAST Unstained specimen such as urine and
platelet counts
POLARIZED Urine sediments to visualize crystals
characteristics
FLUORESCENT Fluorescent marker studies and
fluorescent antibody test
TRANSMISSION ELECTRON Magnifies >100,000 x to see organelles,
viruses, etc within a cell
SCANNING ELECTRON Magnifies >1000x to see the surface of
cells, viruses etc
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LIGHT MICROSCOPE PHASE CONTRAST

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POLARIZED MICROSCOPE FLUORESCENT MICROSCOPE

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TRANSMISSION ELECTRON SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE

MICROSCOPE
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• creates a magnified, detailed image of seemingly invisible
objects or specimens, based on the principles of
transmission, absorption, diffraction, and refraction
of light waves.
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• Bright field microscopy is a standard light microscopy technique and

therefore magnification is limited by the resolving power possible
with the wavelength of visible light

• simplest of all the optical microscopy illumination techniques.

• simplest of a range of techniques used for illumination of samples

in light microscopes and its simplicity makes it a popular technique.

• the typical appearance of a bright field microscopy image is a dark

sample on a bright background
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OCULARS – lenses that adjust to the width of your eyes to allow the
individual to see a full field of vision with both eyes open. The object
viewed is magnified 10 times by these lenses

REVOLVING NOSEPIECE- rotation of the objective lenses is done by

rotating the nosepiece until the desired lens is secured in place

OBJECTIVE LENSES – these lenses range from a very low power scanning
objective

Scanning Objective – (4-5X) RED, large , gross specimens

Low-power Objective – (10-15x) YELLOW, used for thinner and
smaller specimens and for a clearer image of the gross specimen
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High Power Objective- (40-45X) BLUE, a little longer and
is brought into focus only with fine adjustment control
Oil immersion Objective (50-100X) WHITE, requires a
drop of oil on the specimen to alter rays passing through the
specimen to obtain better resolution of very small objects

BODY TUBE, ARM or NECK- support the head of the microscope. It

is used to hold onto when transporting the microscope

STAGE - a stationary platform on which the specimen is placed

GLIDE STAGE – a mechanism used to secure secure and move the

specimen on the stage
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SUBSTAGE CONDENSER - lens that condenses the light from the bulb to
pass through the hole in the stage and concentrate on the specimen

COARSE ADJUSTMENT – large movement of the necessary on lower

power objectives to bring the specimen into focus

FINE ADJUSTMENT - small, fine movement of the stage or objectives

are necessary to bring the specimen into clear focus

IRIS DIAPHRAGM- a mechanism to close off the amount of light passing

through the stage and also the specimen. This may decrease the field
view

BASE- support the microscope and contains the microscope

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TOTAL MAGNIFICATION- product of the magnification of the objective
and that of the ocular

- the magnification of the oculars ( 10X) must be

multiplied with the objective magnification (10X, 40X, or 100X)

NUMERICAL APERTURE
 SYRINGE- simple pump consisting of a plunger that
fits tightly in a tube

DIFFERENT SIZES OF SYRINGE PARTS OF SYRINGE

NEEDLE - a thin, cylindrical object, often with a sharp point on the end.

NEEDLE GAUGE- diameter of the

needle bore
NEEDLES AND SYRINGES
VACUTAINER HOLDER- a plastic shield that serves as a holder
for vacutainer tubes
VACUTAINER TUBES – collection tubes with the
evacuated system; could be glass or plastic
TOURNIQUET – a compressing device that are used to make
it easier to locate patients veins. It impedes venous blood
SYRINGE SYSTEM

VACUTAINER SYSTEM