THE BIG BANG

THEORY
WHAT IS THE
BIG BANG
THEORY?
The Big Bang Theory is
the leading explanation
about how the universe
began. At its simplest, it
says the universe as we
know it started with a
small singularity, then
inflated over the next
13.8 billion years ago to
the cosmos that we
know today
HOW DID THE UNIVERSE
EXPAND?
• The American astronomer
Edwin Hubble made the
observations in 1925 and
was the first to prove that
the universe is expanding.
He proved that there is a
direct relationship between
the speeds of distant galaxies
and their distances from
Earth. This is now known a
Hubble’s Law
 In 1927, the Belgian
priest George Lemaitre
proposed an
expanding model for
the universe to explain
the observed redshift
of spiral nebulae , and
calculated the Hubble
Law.
 The Big Bang states that the universe began very hot and infinitely dense
point only few millimetres wide similar to the supercharged blackhole.

About 13.7 billion years ago this tiny singularity violently exploded and that
explosion called “Bang”. From this came; matter, energy, space, time were
created.

There were two major stages of evolution followed after this

2 MAJOR STAGES OF EVOLUTION
- Radiation Era
- Matter Era

RADIATION ERA
- is made of smaller stages called “EPOCHS”

The Stages are: Plank, Grand unified, Inflationary, Inflationary, Electroweak,

Quark, Hadron, Lepton, and Nuclear.
• SUPERFORCES
*GRAVITY
*STRONG NUCLEAR
*WEAK
*ELECROMAGNETIC
PLANCK - No matter existed at this time only time and the four forces of
nature.

GRAND UNIFIED - The gravity split away and only 3 forces of nature
remained.

INFLATIONARY - The strong nuclear broke away and the universe rapidly
expanded.

ELECTROWEAK - Happened when the last two forces finally splits off.
Quark epoch - All the universe ingredient was present however the
universe was still so hot and dense for subatomic particles to form
the element called “Hydrogen”. This Hydrogen along with helium
atoms dotted the universe with atomic clouds within the clouds small
pockets of gas may have got enough gravity to cause atoms to
collect.
Hadron epoch - the universe cooled down enough for quarks to bind
and form neurons and protons.

Lepton and Nuclear epoch - The protons and neuron underwent a

significant change the fused and created nuclei. And in doing so the
first element in the universe called “Helium”. The universe new
ability to form an element the building blocks of matter era is to find
the presence and dominance of the matter in the universe.
• 3 Epochs of Matter Era

*atomic
*galactic
*stellar

ATOMIC EPOCH - In this stage the universe temperature cooled down

enough for electron to touch the nuclei for the first time and called
“Recombination”.
GALACTIC EPOCH - The seedlings of galaxies. Inside those galaxies
stars begin to
form and in doing so the latest became the current stage of the
universe develop.
STELLAR EPOCH - The formation of the stars then caused the
tremendous effect and help to shape the universe as we know it. Heat
within the stars cause the convertion of helium and hydrogen and
almost every elements.
Thus, the element become the building blocks to make planets,
moons, and life.