POWERPOINT PRESENTATION BY JANNAH ABELLANOSA

 The rock cycle shows the origin

of igneous, sedimentary, and
metamorphic rocks and their
interrelationship.
 Quick view on the three main
types of rocks
1. IGNEOUS ROCKS
 are formed when magma or lava cools.
 are either intrusive or extrusive.

2. SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
 are formed by sediments that are accumulated through time in
deposits that form layers.
 It is where fossils can be found.

3. METAMORPHIC ROCKS
 Formed when pressure and temperature are high or when rocks
near the surface is heated up by the movement of tectonic plates
or magma.
 `

MAIN PROCESSES INVOLVED IN THE ROCK CYCLE

  Came from the Latin word ignis which means FIRE.
 It is also known as magmantic rock

TYPES OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

1. EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS OR VOLACNIC ROCKS

Are molten rocks that solidify at the surface (LAVA)

2. INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS OR PLUTONIC ROCKS

Are magma that loses its mobility before reaching the surface
and crystallizes at depth.
 TEXTURE OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

 COARSE-GRAINED GRAINS (CRYSTALS)

It can be seen with bare eyes

 MEDIUM- GRAINED GRAINS

Can only be seen through a hand lens

 FINE-GRAINED GRAINS
Can only be seen through the microscope.
 COLORATION OF IGENOUS ROCKS

A. LIGHT-COLORED: Granite and Rhyolite

 COLORATION OF IGENOUS ROCKS

B. MEDIUM-COLORED: Diorite and Andesite

 COLORATION OF IGENOUS ROCKS

C. DARK-COLORED: Gabbro and Basalt

CLASSIFICATIONS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

A. GRANITE
Granite is a light-colored igneous rocks with grains large
enough to be visible with the unaided eye.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

B. OBSIDIAN
Obsidian is an igneous rock that forms when molten rock material
cools so rapidly that atoms are unable to arrange themselves into a
crystalline structure. It is an amorphous material known as a
“mineraloid."
CLASSIFICATIONS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

C. LAVA
Hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano or
fissure, or solid rock resulting from cooling of this.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

D. FELDSPAR
an abundant rock-forming mineral typically occurring as
colorless or pale-colored crystals and consisting of
aluminosilicates of potassium, sodium, and calcium.
 `
CLASSIFICATIONS OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

E. QUARTZ
a hard white or colorless
mineral consisting of silicon
dioxide, found widely in
igneous, metamorphic, and
sedimentary rocks. It is often
colored by impurities
(as in amethyst, citrine, and
cairngorm).
 Rock that has formed through the deposition
and solidification of sediment

 Sediments are materials that settles at the

bottom of a liquid

 Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in

layers, and frequently contain fossils. These
layers are called STRATA.
PROCESSES INVOLVED IN SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

 LITHIFICATION
is the process in which sediments compact under
pressure, expel connate fluids, and gradually become solid
rock.

 COMPACTION
The process by which the porosity of a given form of
sediment is decreased as a result of its mineral grains being
squeezed together by the weight of overlying sediment or by
mechanical means
 CEMENTATION
hardening and welding of clastic sediments by the
precipitation of mineral matter in the pore spaces.

COMMON CEMENTS
 TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

 DETRIMENTAL
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

These rocks come

from weathered rocks
such as igneous rocks.
 TYPES OF SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

 CHEMICAL SEDIMENTARY
ROCKS
These rocks come from
soluble materials produced
largely by chemical
weathering. The basis for
grouping is their chemical
composition.
  Came from preexisting rocks called parent rocks.
 The process of transformation of parent is called
metamorphism.

MOST IMPORTANT AGENTS OF METAMORPHISM

1. HEAT

2. PRESSURE OR STRESS

3. CHEMICALLY-ACTIVE
FLUIDS
EXAMPLES OF METAMORPHIC ROCKS

“I am a metamorphic rock. pressure and heat

from the magma changed me.”
ARE COMMONLY USED IN