PAKISTAN

POST PARTITION DIFFICULTIES

• Pakistan was born in bloodshed and came into existence on august 1947
confronted by seemingly insurmountable problems.
• Pakistan’s boundaries were established hastily and the minimal requirements of a
working central government were missing.
• After partition, Muslims banking shifted from Bombay to Karachi. Much of the
investment in East Pakistan came from West Pakistan banks. Because of this the
Bengalis found themselves excluded from the managerial level and from skilled
labor.
• Untill 1947, the East Wing of Pakistan had been heavily dependant on Hindu
management. After partition, people from west Pakistan took their place.
• The muslim Bengalis didn’t have any past administrative experience, because of
which high-level posts in Dhaka were usually filled by West Pakistanis or by
refugees from India who had adopted Pakistani citizenship.
• One of the miost divisive issues was the question of what the official language of
the new state was to be.
• The Bengalis constituted a majority (an estimated 54%) of Pakistan’s entire
population
EAST PAKISTAN CRISIS
• Historyof EastPakistan
• Bengali Language Movement
One of the most divisive issues confronting Pakistan in its infancy was the question of what
the official language of the new state was to be. Muhammad Ali Jinnah yielded to the demands
of refugees from the Indian states of Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, who insisted that Urdu be
Pakistan's official language. Speakers of the languages of West Pakistan (Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushto,
and Baluchi) were upset that their languages were given second-class status. In East Pakistan,
the dissatisfaction quickly turned to violence. The Bengalis of East Pakistan constituted a
majority (an estimated 54%) of Pakistan's entire population. Their language, Bengali), like Urdu,
belongs to the Indo-Aryan language family , but the two languages have different scripts and
literary traditions.
THE POTILICAL PICTURE IN
1947
.BENGAL PUNJAB SINDH AND KHYBER
PAKHUNKHWA ( THEN
NWFP) PROVINCES WITH ELECTED
ASSEMBLIES
.THE BAHAWALPUR STATE AND THE BALOCH
.BALUCHISTAN ,TRIBAL AREAS AND PRINCELY STATES
 WHEN THE BENGALI PROBLEM AROSE
. It had began in 1947 already.

. The Bengalis were more in number than all the rest put together,
and under a democracy nothing could bar them from getting a
majority share in the new state
 CULTURAL CAUSES
• The culture of Bengalis differed greatly from Punjabi’s Pathan, Sindhi and
Balochi’s.
• Their food language and way of living style were distinct from the people of
West Pakistan.
• The citizens of east Pakistan were culturally more closed with Indians
especially with the citizens of west Bengal.
 INDO-PAK WAR
1971
• Using a refugee issue as a reason indian
army attacked east Pakistan with foreign
support. Pakistan army could only resist for
two weeks. When indian paratrooper
reached decca they found there only
razakars, men from engineering corps,
mujahids.
DIVISION MILITARY
ASSETS
• For the security and safeguard of its
territory, Pakistan needed armed
forces and military equipments.
• Pakistan demanded immediate
division, but british chief marshal,
auchinlek was against the division of
army assets.
• The congress leaders favourably
inclined towards him.
 AFTER
EFFECTS OF
WAR
• The sudden realization on 16 December that country
which the quaid e azam carved out and that it has been
dismembered cast a pall of gloom throughout the country.
• But gradually wounds began to heel the new Pakistan not
only remained but began to rise like a phoenix from
ashes.
• The Islamic summit in Lahore put Pakistan again in
limelight again.
 THANK YOU
• Presented by :
• Taimoor Jaweed
• Hamza Alam Durrani
• Laiba Khan
• Yasir Burki