Plasma panel display Liquid Crystal Display Raster Graphic System Random Graphic System Frame Buffer We use any area of system memory Area in which read information and and refresh display Video controller access the frame buffer to refresh the screen. Raster Scan processer use co-processer facilitate the main job of cpu. If we don’t have cpu then all the work can done by processer. Monitor all display related activities. If there is black and white picture then there is only one bit required to store ‘0’ for black or 1 for white and in this case buffer will be referred as bitmap.
In colour pictures obviously multiple bits are
required for each pixel position depending on the possible number of colours for example to show 256 colours 8 bits will be required for each pixel and in case if multiple bits are used for one pixel frame buffer will be referred as pixmap. The drawing is done in a line-by-line fashion. After drawing each line from left to right it reaches at the left end of the next line to draw next line; which is called horizontal retrace. Similarly after completing all lines in horizontal fashion it again reaches the top left corner to start redrawing the image (that is for refreshing) and this is called vertical retrace. Normally each vertical retrace takes 1/60 th of a second to avoid flickering. There are two further methods to scan the image: interlaced and non-interlaced. In interlaced display beam completes scanning in two passes. In one pass only odd lines are drawn and in the second pass even lines are drawn. Interlacing provides effect of double refresh rate by completing half of the lines in half of the time. Therefore, in systems with low refresh rates interlacing helps avoid flickering. All inract with serial bus cpu io devices system memory intract with serial bus. Video controller use system memory receive information form system memory And result or display show on moniter Working of video controller to facilitate of image. Monochrome Adapter
The simplest and the first available adapter is
MA. This adapter can display only text in single color and has no graphics displaying capability. Originally this drawback only prevented the users from playing video games, but today, even the most serious business software uses graphics and color to great advantage. Hence, MA is no longer suitable, though it offers clarity and high resolution. Hercules Adapter
The Hercules card emulates the monochrome adapter
but also operates in a graphics mode. Having graphics capabilities the Hercules card became somewhat of a standard for monochrome systems. Hercules Adapter not produce colour. Only work in Black & white. Color Graphics Adapter This adapter can display text as well as graphics. In text mode it operates in 25 rows by 80 column mode with 16 colors. In graphics mode two resolutions are available: Medium resolution graphics mode 320 * 200 with 4 colors available from palette of 16 colors and 640 * 200 with 2 colors