EARTHQUAKES TSUNAMIS

FLOODS CYCLONES
 WHAT IS A DISASTER
Disasters are hazards that cause destruction or environmental changes

Types of disasters:
1. Natural Disasters 2. Man-made Disasters
 NATURAL DISASTERS

A natural disaster is the effect of a natural hazard

List of top 10 natural disasters:

1. Earthquake
2. Cyclone
3. Floods
4. Tornado
5. Volcanic eruption
6. Tsunami
7. Wildfire
8. Drought
9. Avalanche
10.Landslide
 EARTHQUAKE
• Tectonic plates move past each other causing stress
• Intensity of an earthquake is measured on RICHTER SCALE
• An earthquake of 7 or above is very powerful.
•Here are some examples of what may happen depending on the scale:

•4.0 - Could shake your house as if a large truck were passing close by. Some people may not
notice.
•6.0 - Stuff will fall off of shelves. Walls in some houses may crack and windows break. Pretty
much everyone near the centre will feel this one.
•7.0 - Weaker buildings will collapse and cracks will occur in bridges and on the street.
•8.0 - Many buildings and bridges fall down. Large cracks in the earth.
•9.0 and up - Whole cities flattened and large-scale damage.
FORESHOCK AND AFTERSHOCK
 TSUNAMI
An earthquake in the ocean (more than 7 intensity) giving rise to huge ocean waves.
• Tsunami Japanese word-”Harbour Wave”
• Not all earthquakes cause tsunami
• Occurs only when the plate moves upwards and downwards.
• Instrument used to measure a tsunami: Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis
(DART)

2.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfsugkikLJI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wx9vPv-T51I
 SAFETY DURING A TSUNAMI

• DO NOT watch an
approaching tsunami from
the beach.

• When there is a tsunami

warning, move to an area
above the sea level or
walk at least 3km inland,
away from the coastline.
 FLOODS
 Floods are caused when water overflows from water bodies into land
 Severe flooding is caused by atmospheric conditions that lead to heavy rain or the rapid
melting of snow and ice.
 Geography can also make an area more likely to flood. For example, areas near rivers
and cities are often at risk for flash floods.
 A flood is an overflow of water onto land that is normally dry.
 One of the biggest floods in the world is probably the Yellow river in China 1887 which killed
about 9,00,000
Floods are measured by stream gauges
that are installed in bodies of water located
near populated areas
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hQZCiZ21fk
 CYCLONE
 A severe storm with strong winds and heavy rains, uprooting trees.

 Coastal areas are more prone to cyclones.

The main effects of tropical cyclones include heavy rain,

strong wind, large storm surges at landfall, and tornadoes.
Even well inland, heavy rainfall can lead to mudslides and
landslides in mountainous areas.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TORNADO AND A CYCLONE

A cyclone is a large, destructive storm that is comprised of strong winds rotating

around a center of low pressure. Depending on the region, a cyclone may be referred
to as a typhoon or hurricane. Cyclones are very powerful and can move at 20-30
miles per hour. The strong winds are usually accompanied by rain. Their intensity is
measured on the Beauford scale or the Saffir-Simpson scale.

A tornado is a violent storm comprised of extremely strong winds spiralling

around a central point in a funnel-shaped cloud. Tornadoes move at 30-40 miles per
hour with winds reaching over 300 miles per hour near the centre. They are generally
narrow in diameter compared with other storms, so their destruction is confined to a
narrow path. Tornadoes often occur in groups. Tornado strength is measured on the
Fujita scale.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EpuDYZ_g0yg