Unit1 1

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Engineering (Computer

Science & Engineering)
COMPUTER GRAPHICS(CST-305)
DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

Introduction to Computer Graphics
BY: Kirti Joshi
Assistant Prof.(CSE)
University Institute of Engineering(UIE)

Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE)
Computer Graphics
Course Outcome
CO Title Level
Number
CO1 Introduction to Computer Graphics Remember
CO2 To Understand different Graphic Packages Understand
CO3 Ability to understand growing importance Understand

of Computer Graphics in various fields
like, medical, Education, Entertainment,
Training, Movies etc
2
University Institute of Engineering (UIE)
Introduction
•What is Computer Graphics?

•Applications
•Graphics packages

What is Computer Graphics?
• Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc

using computers with the help of programming. Computer graphics is
made up of number of pixels. Pixel is the smallest graphical picture or
unit represented on the computer screen. Basically there are two types
of computer graphics namely.
1. Interactive Computer Graphics
2. Non Interactive Computer Graphics

Applications of Computer Graphics

• Computer Aided Design (CAD)
• Presentation Graphics
• Computer Art
• Entertainment (animation, games, …)
• Education & Training
• Visualization (scientific & business)
• Image Processing
• Graphical User Interfaces

1.Computer Aided Design (CAD)

– Used in design of buildings, automobiles, aircraft,
watercraft, spacecraft, computers, textiles & many
other products
– Objects are displayed in wire frame outline form
– Software packages provide multi-window environment

• Graphics design package provides standard shapes

(useful for repeated placements)
• Animations are also used in CAD applications
• Realistic displays of architectural design permits
simulated “walk” through the rooms (virtual -
reality systems)

2.Presentation Graphics
• Used to produce illustrations for reports or generate

slides for use with projectors
• Commonly used to summarize financial, statistical,
mathematical, scientific, economic data for research
reports, managerial reports & customer information
bulletins
• Examples : Bar charts, line graphs, pie charts, surface
graphs, time chart

Examples of presentation graphics

Examples of presentation graphics

3.Computer Art
• Used in fine art & commercial art
– Includes artist’s paintbrush programs, paint packages, CAD packages
and animation packages
– These packages provides facilities for designing object shapes &
specifying object motions.
– Examples : Cartoon drawing, paintings, product advertisements, logo
design

Examples :

Computer Art
• Electronic painting
– Picture painted electronically on
a graphics tablet (digitizer) using a stylus
– Cordless, pressure sensitive stylus
• Morphing
– A graphics method in which one object is
transformed into another


4.Entertainment
• Movie Industry
– Used in motion pictures, music
videos, and television shows.
– Used in making of cartoon
animation films
Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides

http://www.cs.unc.edu/~mcmillan/comp136/Lecture1/compgraf.ht
ml
Computer Graphics is about animation

(films)

• Game Industry
– Focus on interactivity
– Cost effective solutions
– Avoiding computations and
other tricks

5.Education & Training
• Computer generated models of physical, financial and

economic systems are used as educational aids.
• Models of physical systems, physiological systems,
population trends, or equipment such as color-coded
diagram help trainees understand the operation of the
system

 Specialized systems used

for training applications
 simulators for practice
sessions or training of ship
captains
 aircraft pilots
 heavy equipment
operators
 air traffic-control personnel

Training

6.Visualization
• Scientific Visualization
– Producing graphical representations for scientific,
engineering, and medical data sets

Scientific Visualisation
To view below and
above our visual range

• Business Visualization is used in connection with data sets

related to commerce, industry and other non-scientific
areas
• Techniques used- color coding, contour plots, graphs,
charts, surface renderings & visualizations of volume
interiors.
• Image processing techniques are combined with computer
graphics to produce many of the data visualizations

7. Image Processing
• CG- Computer is used to create a picture

• Image Processing – applies techniques to modify
or interpret existing pictures such as photographs
and TV scans
• Medical applications
– Picture enhancements
– Tomography
– Simulations of operations
– Ultrasonics & nuclear medicine scanners
• 2 applications of image processing
– Improving picture quality
– Machine perception of visual information (Robotics)

• To apply image processing methods

– Digitize a photograph (or picture) into an image file
– Apply digital methods to rearrange picture parts to
• enhance color separations
• Improve quality of shading
– Tomography – technique of X-ray photography that allows
cross-sectional views of physiological systems to be
displayed
– Computed X-ray tomography (CT) and position emission
tomography ( PET) use projection methods to reconstruct
cross sections from digital data
– Computer-Aided Surgery is a medical application
technique to model and study physical functions to design
artificial limbs and to plan & practice surgery


8.Graphical User Interfaces

• Major component – Window manager (multiple-window
areas)
• To make a particular window active, click in that window
(using an interactive pointing device)
• Interfaces display – menus & icons
• Icons – graphical symbol designed to look like the
processing option it represents
• Advantages of icons – less screen space, easily
understood
• Menus contain lists of textual descriptions & icons


Graphics packages
• A set of libraries that provide programmatically
access to some kind of graphics 2D functions.
• Types
– GKS-Graphics Kernel System – first graphics package –
accepted by ISO & ANSI
– PHIGS (Programmer’s Hierarchical Interactive Graphics
Standard)-accepted by ISO & ANSI
– PHIGS + (Expanded package)
– Silicon Graphics GL (Graphics Library)
– Open GL
– Pixar Render Man interface
– Postscript interpreters
– Painting, drawing, design packages
Display of Information
• Graphics for Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Data
Nebula Medical Image

Design
• Graphics for Engineering and Architectural System

• Design of Building, Automobile, Aircraft, Machine etc.
AutoCAD 2002 Interior Design

Simulation
• Computer-Generated Models of Physical, Financial and

Economic Systems for Educational Aids
Flight Simulator Mars Rover Simulator

Computer Art
• Graphics for Artist
Metacreation Painter

Entertainment
• Graphics for Movie, Game, VR etc.
Final Fantasy Online Game

What is Computer Graphics?
• Look at 5 areas
– Hardware
– Rendering
– Interaction
– Modeling
– Scientific Visualization

What is Computer Graphics? (2/2)
• Imaging
– Representing 2D images
• Modeling
– Representing 3D objects
• Rendering
– Constructing 2D images from 3D models
• Animation
– Simulating changes over time

Imaging
• Warping
• Metamorphosis
• Non-Photorealistic Rendering

Modeling
• Surface Modeling
• Solid Modeling
• Procedure Modeling
• Simplification

Rendering
• Polygonal Rendering
• Global Rendering
• Texture Mapping

REFERENCES
1. Hearn, D., Baker M. P. ,”Computer Graphics”, Pearson

education.
2. Newman, William M., Sproull, Robert F., “Principles of
Interactive Computer Graphics”, Tata McGraw Hill
Company, 2nd Edition.

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UNIVERSITY INSTITUTEOF ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Engineering (Computer

DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER

University Institute of Engineering(UIE)

CO1 Introduction to Computer Graphics Remember

CO2 To Understand different Graphic Packages Understand

CO3 Ability to understand growing importance Understand

•What is Computer Graphics?

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

What is Computer Graphics?

• Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures, lines, charts, etc

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

Applications of Computer Graphics

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

1.Computer Aided Design (CAD)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Graphics design package provides standard shapes

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Used to produce illustrations for reports or generate

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

Examples of presentation graphics

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

Examples of presentation graphics

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

Slide information from Leonard McMillian's slides

Computer Graphics is about animation

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

5.Education & Training

• Computer generated models of physical, financial and

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

 Specialized systems used

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Business Visualization is used in connection with data sets

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• CG- Computer is used to create a picture

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• To apply image processing methods

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

8.Graphical User Interfaces

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Graphics for Scientific, Engineering, and Medical Data

Nebula Medical Image

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Graphics for Engineering and Architectural System

AutoCAD 2002 Interior Design

• Computer-Generated Models of Physical, Financial and

Flight Simulator Mars Rover Simulator

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Graphics for Artist

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)

• Graphics for Movie, Game, VR etc.

Final Fantasy Online Game

University Institute of Engineering (UIE)