Histology of Nervous Tissue

Block 14

Andi Muh. Maulana

Departement of Histology FM UMP
 Overview
₰ Feature of nerves tissue
₰ Type of cell: neuron & neuroglia
₰ General feature of neuron
₰ Type of neuroglia: astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, ependymal cell,
microglia
₰ Synapses
₰ Myelin – formation & function
₰ General structure of peripheral nerves
₰ Ganglia – dorsal root ganglia
₰ Autonomic ganglia
The General Organization the
Nervous System
Nervous System Divided into:

₰ Central nervous
system (CNS)
 Brain and spinal
cord
₰ Peripheral
nervous system
(PNS)
 Cranial and spinal
nerves – locate
outside the CNS
 2 types of cell:
1) Neurons (nerve cells)
2) Supporting cells

 2 Functions of neurons:
1) Specialized to receive stimuli and to conduct electrical
impulses to other parts of the system.
2) Arranged as an integrated communications network, with
several neurons in a chain-like fashion involved in sending
impulses from one part of the system to another.
Morphology of Typical Neuron

₰ Neuron is a functional cell of the nervous tissue.

 Cell body or perikaryon - contains the nucleus – regulates the

functioning of the neuron.
 Numerous dendrites and a single axon
 Contains Nissl bodies in the cytoplasm
 Axon hillock- no Nissl bodies

 Axon – cellular process (extension) – carries impulses away from

the cell body.

 Dendrites – cellular process (extension) – carries impulses

toward the cell body.
Cells of the Nervous System:
Neuron
Cells of the Nervous System:
Neuron
Neuron Classification
₰ Structural:
 Multipolar – most common type in CNS.
 Include all motor neurons and interneurons of brain and
spinal cord.

 Bipolar – not as common purely sensory.

 Retina of eye, inner ear, olfactory epithelium in the
upper region of nose.

 Unipolar – (formerly known as pseudounipolar)

 Sensory neurons found in numerous craniosacral ganglia
of the spinal cord.
Comparison of Structural Classes of
Neurons
Comparison of Structural Classes of
Neurons
Comparison of Structural Classes of
Neurons
Cerebrum
Cerebrum - 6 Layer Arrangement
Histological Structure of the
Cerebral Cortex
Cerebellum
Cerebellum-3 Cell Layer
Arrangement
 Three layers of cerebellar
cortex:
1. Molecular layer
• Dendritic of purkinje cells

• Parallel fibers

• Stellate cells and basket

cells
2. Purkinje layer
3. Granular layer
• Granule cells and golgi cells
Histological Structure of the
Cerebellar Cortex
Spinal Cord
Dorsal Root Ganglion
Unipolar Neuron
A single process originates from soma
Multipolar Neuron
A type of neuron that possesses a single axon and many dendrites
(and dendritic branches)
The Supporting Cells (neuroglia or
glia):

 Astrocytes
 Oligodendrocytes
CNS
 Microglial cells
 Ependymal cells
 Schwann cells
PNS
 Satellite cells
Astrocytes

 Largest, most numerous, versatile, and highly

branched glial cells
 They cling to neurons and cover capillaries
 Functionally, they:
 Support and brace neurons
 Anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies
 Guide migration of young neurons
 Control the chemical environment
Astrocytes
Microglia
 Microglia – smallest, ovoid cells with spiny processes
Phagocytic cells that migrate through the CNS and remove
foreign and degenerated material
Ependymal Cells

 Ependymal cells – squamous- to columnar-shaped

cells
 They line the central cavities of the brain and spinal column
Oligodendrocytes
 Oligodendrocytes – branched cells that wrap CNS nerve
fibers
- Produce myelin in CNS
Schwann Cells and Satellite Cells

 Schwann cells (neurolemmocytes) – form myelin

sheaths around peripheral axons

 Satellite cells surround neuron cell bodies with

ganglia
Synapse

₰ The region where the terminals come close to

another cell and transmit the impulse
 A junction that mediates information transfer from
one neuron:
 To another neuron

 To an effector cell

 Presynaptic neuron – conducts impulses toward the

synapse
 Postsynaptic neuron – transmits impulses away
from the synapse
Synapse Type
Neurotransmitters Releases
Myelin – formation & function

 Whitish, fatty (protein-lipid), segmented sheath

around most long axons
 Its function:
1) Protection of the axon
2) Electrically insulating fibers from one another
3) Increasing the speed of nerve impulse transmission
2 Types of Neuroglia Produce
Myelin

₰ CNS= Oligodendrocyte
₰ PNS= Schwann cells
Thank You
