DENTAL

MANPOWER
Suhna Mohammed
Final Year Part 1
 DENTAL MANPOWER

DENTIST DENTAL AUXILIARY

NON-OPERATING OPERATING
 Dental Surgery Assistant  School Dental Nurse
 Dental Secretary/Receptionist  Dental Therapist
 Dental Laboratory Technician  Dental Hygienist
 Dental health Educator  Expanded Function
Dental Auxiliaries
DENTAL HYGIENIST
A dental hygienist is an operating auxiliary licensed
and registered to practice dental hygiene under the
laws of the Appropriate state , Province , Territory or
Nation .

 Thedental hygienist works under the supervision of

dentists.

 Definition : “Dental hygienist is a person , not being a

dentist or a medical practitioner ; who does oral
prophylaxis , gives instructions in oral hygiene &
preventive dentistry , assists the dental surgeon in
chairside work and manages the office . He/she shall
work under the supervision of the dental surgeon.”
- The Dental Council Of
India
 Duties :
 Cleaning of mouth and teeth with particular attention to
calculus and stains.

 Topical
application of fluorides , sealants and other
prophylactic solutions .

 Screening or preliminary examination of patients as

individuals or in groups , such as school children or industrial
employees , so that they may be referred to a dentist for
treatment.

 Instruction in Oral hygiene.

Expanded Function
Dental Auxiliary (EFDA)

“An EFDA is a dental assistant or a

dental hygienist in some cases, who
has received further training in
duties related to the direct
treatment of patients, though still
working under the direct
supervision of a dentist”
 Duties :

Placing and removing rubber dams.

Placing and removing temporary restorations.

Placing and removing matrix bands.

Condensing and carving amalgam restoration in previously prepared

teeth.

Placing of acrylic restorations in previously prepared teeth.

Applying the final finish and polish to the previously listed restorations.
 Four Levels Of Training and
Qualification were Recognised :

I. Certified dental assistant

II. Preventive dental assistant

III. Dental Hygienist

IV. Dental hygienist with expanded duties

 Certified Dental
Assistant
 Training course is of 8 months duration.

 Assistant was taught traditional chair side duties.

 Theonly intraoral duty was exposing the

radiograph.
 Preventive Dental
Assistant
• The trainee had to be a certified dental assistant

• Full time courses were of 3-6 weeks length

• They are permitted to

 Polish the coronal portions of the teeth without instrumentation .

 Make impressions for study models.
 Topically apply caries preventive agents.
 Place and remove rubber dams .
 Maintain patients oral hygiene.
 Dental Hygienist
The 8 month training program allowed them to,

 Carryout scaling
 Conduct a preliminary examination of the oral cavity
including taking a case history, a periodontal
examination and recording clinical findings.
 Provide a complete prophylaxis including scaling root
planing and polishing of fillings.
 Apply and remove a periodontal pack.
 Apply fissure sealant.
Dental hygienist
With expanded duties
 Training of 4 months duration was given to
dental hygienist who had at least 1 years
practical experience.
 They were allowed to carryout,

 Removing sutures
 Placing, finishing, and polishing restorations of
amalgam and resin
 Placing and removing matrix bands
 Placing cavity liners
 Frontier Auxiliaries
 In developed countries, dentists remain in the
urban centres and a large numbers of areas are
too distant from public or private dental offices
for the inhabitants to receive regular
comprehensive care for emergency pain relief.
 Nurses and dental assistants can in such areas ,
provide valuable servicee with minimum of
training.
 Duties
 Simple dental prophylaxis.

 Basic dental health education.

 Dental first aid.

 Organise fluoride rinse program.

 Perform simple dental repair.

New Auxiliary Types
 Theexpert committee on auxiliary dental
personnel of WHO (1959) has suggested 2
new type of dental auxiliaries:

The dental licentiate.

The dental aide.
 Dental Licentiate
 He is a semi independent operator,
trained for 2 years to perform.

 Dental prophylaxis
 Cavity preparations and fillings of primary and permanent
teeth
 Extractions under local anaesthesia
Drainage of dental abscesses.
Treatment of the most prevalent diseases
Supporting tissues of the teeth
Early recognition of more serious dental conditions
 Dental Aide
 Thistype of auxiliary personnel performs duties which
include, elementary first-aid procedures for the relief
of pain, including:

Extraction of teeth under local anaesthesia

Control of haemorrhage
Recognition of dental disease which is important enough to justify
transportation of the patient to a centre where proper dental care is available.
 These new auxiliaries are particularly
useful in some countries, having acute
dentist shortage,with no facilities for
training dentists.
Degrees Of Supervision
of Auxiliaries
ADA (1975) defined four degrees of
supervision of auxiliaries, with the
assumption that ultimate responsibility was
assumed by the licensed dentist.

General supervision
Indirect supervision
Direct supervision
Personal supervision
General Supervision
 Thedentist has authorized the procedures
and they are being carried out in
accordance with the diagnosis and
treatment plan completed by the dentist.
Indirect supervision
 Thedentist is in the dental office,
authorizes the procedure and remains in
the dental office while the procedures are
being performed by the auxiliary.
Personal Supervision
 Thedentist is personally operating on a
patient and authorizes the auxiliary to aid
treatment by concurrently performing
supportive procedures.
Dental Manpower
In INDIA
 India has About 309 dental institutions, producing 26,000 to
30,000 BDS graduates every year.

 India's overall dentist to population ratio 2019 

 2.7 lakh registered dentists for a population of 134 crore
 about one dentist for 5,000 people, well above the WHO
recommended ratio of one for 7,500.

 In 2004, the dentist to population ratio was 1:30,000.

 But with a significant geographic imbalance among dental

colleges, there has been a great variation in the dentist to
population ratio in rural and urban areas.

 Almost three- fourths of the total number of dentists are

clustered in the urban areas, which houses only one-fourth of the
country’s population.

 This is in great contrast to the physician population ratio, which

was 1:2,400 in 2000 , 1:1,855 in 2004 and now it is
 In
1990 there were 3,000 registered hygienists
and 5,000 laboratory technicians in India.

 This
implies that the service of one hygienist
was available to 7 dentists, and one laboratory
technician renders service to four dentists ,
whereas it should ideally be a 1:1 ratio.
 Conclusion
 The practice of dentistry involves a personal
relationship between the dentists, dental auxiliaries
and the patients.

 Both dentist and auxiliary personnel try to emphasize

health education, to correct misconceptions and to
attack apathy about dental health.

 Because of their unique privileges granted to them,

the members of the dental profession have the
responsibility of providing a high standard of service
to their patients and they should assume their duties
freely and voluntarily.
THANK YOU