BLUETOOTH

TECHNOLOGY

Prepared by:
Rupjyoti Khataniar.
4th sem, CSE.

SJCIT
 What is Bluetooth ?
• Bluetooth is a Wireless LAN technology.
• It is an ad-hoc network. Which connects multiple
devices(computer, mobile phones, network etc .)through
piconet network.
• Bluetooth was started by Ericsson Company in 1994.
• It is named after Harald Blaatand, the king of Denmark(940-
981).

•
 Bluetooth Architecture.
• Piconet:
 It is a small network of maximum 8 stations.
 It consists of only one primary stations, while others are secondary.
 The communication can be one-to-one or one-to-many.
 The secondary stations synchronize their clocks and hopping sequence
with the primary.

 Bluetooth Architecture
• Scatternet:
 Two or more piconet can be connected to form scatternet.
 A secondary station in one piconet can be a primary
station in another piconet.

Bluetooth Layers
 Bluetooth Layers
• L2CAP:
 The Logical Link control and Adaptation Protocols
or L2CAP is used to transfer data on ACL link.
The 16 bit length field defines the size of the data,
The channel id defines unique identification.
 L2CAP Duties:
• Multiplexing:
 It accepts data from one of the upper layer
protocol, frames them, and delivers them to
baseband layer.
At receiver end, it accepts a frame from the
baseband layer, extracts the data and delivers
them to appropriate protocol layers.
 L2CAP Duties:
• Segmentation and reassembling:
 The L2CAP divides large packets into segments
and adds extra information to define the location
of the segments.
For e.g.: The maximum size of the payload field in
baseband layer is 343 bytes. These include 4 bytes
to define the packet length. Therefore the total
size of the packet that can arrive is only 339 bytes.
However sometimes application layer needs to
send data packet up to 65,535 bytes(internet
packet).
 L2CAP Duties
• Qos(Quality-of-service level):
 Bluetooth allows the stations to define a quality-
service-level. It does best under the
circumstances.
• Group Management:
L2CAP allows devices to create a type of logical
address among themselves.
For e.g.: Two or three secondary devices can be a
part of multicast group to receive data from
primary.
 Baseband Layer
• It is equivalent to MAC layer in LAN.
• The access method is TDMA.
• The primary and secondary stations
communicate using time slots
• The length of a time slot is exactly the same as
the dwell time, 625µs.
 TDMA(Time division multiple access)
• Bluetooth uses TDD-TDMA(Time division
duplex method).
• It is a kind of half duplex communication.
• Single secondary communication:
 If the piconet has only secondary, then it is called
as single secondary communication.
How SSC works?
Single secondary communication.
 Multiple-secondary communication
• It has more than one secondary in piconet.
• How does MSC work?
 Links
• Synchronous connection-oriented(SCO) link
It is used when avoiding latency(delay in delivery)
is more important than integrity(error-free
delivery).
In SCO a physical link is created between the
primary and secondary by reserving specific slots
at regular intervals.
Asynchronous connectionless link(ACL)
• It is used when data integrity is more
important than avoiding latency.
• Frames are retransmitted, when found
corrupted.
• ACL is available for odd numbered of slots.
 Frame Format
• A frame in the baseband layer can be one of
three types: One-slot, Three-slot, Five-slot
• A slot is 625µs.
• But, a frame can last only 366µs. (WHY?)
• It has a 1Mhz bandwidth and clock of 1bit/Hz.
• Length Three-slot frame: 3x625-259=1616µs.
• Length Five-slot frame:5x625-259=2866µs.
Frame Format
 Bibliography
• Data communication and networking 5E,
Forouzan.
• https://doc.lagout.org/network/Data%20Communications%2
0and%20Networking%20By%20Behrouz%20A.Forouzan.pdf
• GOOGLE
• CANSTOCK
• STACKOVERFLOW.
• YOUTUBE
THANK YOU!