Recall

Force
Acceleration
Mass
Weight
Direct Proportionality Relationship
Inverse Proportionality Relationship
 The earth is in
Rotational Motion

The moon exhibits

Circular Motion
Objectives:
 Explain the concept of gravity
 Discuss Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

 Give applications of Newton’s law of Universal

Gravitation
 Apply the equation for gravitation in

solving word problems

o It is an action at a distance force.
o It is an invisible force that pulls objects toward
each other
o Albert Einstein discovered that gravity not only
pulls mass but also light.
 GRAVITATION
Term describing the phenomenon responsible
for keeping the Earth and the other planets
in their orbits around the Sun; for keeping the
Moon in its orbit around the Earth, and for
the formation of tides.
How does gravity influence
objects on earth?
 How does mass affect gravitational force?

Fg  m
The GREATER the mass of an object, the GREATER
is the gravitational force it exerts and vice versa.
How does mass affect gravitational force?

Fg  m1m2
 How does distance of separation affect
gravitational force?

Fg  1/r
The GREATER the distance between objects, the
LESSER is the gravitational force between them and
vice versa.
How does distance of separation affect
gravitational force?

Fg  1/r2
>Fg m1 r m2

<Fg m1 r m2
>Fg r
m1 m2

<Fg r
m1 m2
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation
Every object in the universe attracts another
object with a force that is directly proportional
to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of distance between
the centers of the two objects.
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

m1m2
Fg = k
r2
Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation

m1m2
Fg = G
r2

G = gravitational constant, 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2

 Effect of Mass on Effect of Distance on
Gravitational Force Gravitational Force
The mass of one of the small spheres of a
Cavendish balance is 0.0100 kg, the mass of the
nearest large sphere is 0.500 kg, and the center-
to-center distance between them is 0.0500 m. Find
the gravitational force on each sphere due to the
other.
A saleslady whose mass is 52 kg is doing a
product demonstration in front of customers. She
-8
exerts a gravitational force of 7.45 x 10 N on a
57 kg woman who is standing in the front row.
How far is the woman from the saleslady?
C A