Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Momentum
• Momentum can be defined as "mass in
motion." All objects have mass; so if an
object is moving, then it has momentum
• Momentum depends upon the variables
mass and velocity
• Momentum = (mass) (velocity)
• p = (m)(v)
• where m = mass and v=velocity
Momentum
• Momentum = (mass) (velocity)
• p = mv
p
m v
Momentum is a vector quantity
• To fully describe the momentum of a 5-kg
bowling ball moving westward at 2 m/s,
you must include information about both
the magnitude and the direction of the
bowling ball
• p = (m)(v)
• p = (5 kg)(2 m/s west) Givens:
m = 5kg
• p = 10 kgm / s west v = 2 m/s west
Elastic and Inelastic Collisions
• When a Ball hits the ground and sticks, the
collision would be totally inelastic
• When a Ball hits the ground and bounces
to the same height, the collision is elastic
• All other collisions are partially elastic
collision
Check Your Understanding
• Determine the momentum of a ...
• 60-kg halfback moving eastward at 9 m/s.
– p = mv = 60 kg ( 9 m/s ) Given: m = 60Kg
– 540 kgm /s east
v= 9 m/s
• 1000-kg car moving northward at 20 m/s.
– p = mv = 1000 kg ( 20 m/s )
– 20,000 kgm /s north Find :
momentum (p)
Given: m = 1000Kg
v= 20 m/s
Momentum and Impulse
Connection
• To stop an object, it is necessary to apply a force
against its motion for a given period of time
J = F (t) = m D v
J
F t
Long Time Period:
When momentum is changed over a
long time period, less force is needed:
Short Time Period:
When momentum is changed over a
short time period, a larger force is
needed. This can produce some
drastic results.
Notice how the normally rigid golf ball is
temporarily deformed from the large force
applied over the short time interval.
Bungee jumping
with a non stretch
rope would NOT
be a good idea.
The bungee cord
spreads the change
in momentum over a
longer time so that
the force on you is
less.
When breaking
blocks or
boards, the swift
strike takes
place over a
short period of
time.
This increases
the force, thus
breaking the
Check Your Understanding
• If the halfback experienced a force of 800
N for 0.9 seconds to the north, determine
the impulse Given: F = 800 N
• J=F(t)=mDv t = 0.9 s
• 800N ( 0.9s ) = 720 N*s Find :
• the impulse was 720 N*s or Impulse (J)
• a momentum change of 720 kg*m/s
Impulse Question #2
• A 0.10 Kg model rocket’s engine is
designed to deliver an impulse of 6.0 N*s.
If the rocket engine burns for 0.75 s, what
is the average force does the engine
produce?
Given: F = 800 N
• J=F(t)=mDv
t = 0.9 s
• 6.0 N*s = F (0.75s)
Find :
• 6.0 N*s/ 0.75s = F
Average
• 8.0 N = F Force
Impulse Question # 3
• A Bullet traveling at 500 m/s is brought to
rest by an impulse of 50 N*s. What is the
mass of the bullet? Given: v = 500 m/s
• J=F(t)=mDv J = 50 N*s
• 50 N*s = m ( 500 m/s – 0 m/s ) Find :
• 50 kg-m/s 2 *s / 500 m/s = m m=?
• .1 kg = m
Summary
BOOM
Solution:
The momentum of the projectile must equal the
momentum of the cannon.
BOOM
Solution:
p before = p after
Givens:
m (cannon) = 300 kg
m (cannonball) = 10 kg
v (cannonball) = 200 m/s
v (cannon) = ?
p before = p after
0 = mcannonvcannon + mprojvproj
0= (300 kg) (vcannon) + (10kg)
(200m/s)
-(2000kgm/s)
vcannon = ----------------
300 kg
vcannon = -6.67 m/s
Q: Why does the cannon move so
much slower compared to the
projectile?
A: It is much more massive, more
inertia.
Givens:
m (big fish) = 5 kg
m (small fish) = 1 kg
v (big fish before) = 1 m/s
v (little fish before) = 0
v (total after) = ?
m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1’ + m2v2’
p before = p after
Total P before
Y components cancel out
X components add up to
previous P