LESSON 1: GENRE FORMS,TEXT FEATURES AND

STRUCTURES
-The term genre has been ordinarily regarded as a
literary or artistic category. The main literary genres res
PROSE,POETRY,AND DRAMA.

 PROSE – Is a form of spoken or written language

that exhibits a grammatical structure and a natural
flow of speech. Its form is written in sentences and
paragraphs .
 FICTION-Prose narrative in which situations and
characters are invented by the writer . Fiction allows
the reader to explore new worlds and share the joys
and sorrows of the characters .

 NONFICTION-Such as biographies,autobiographies,
and essays deals with real people,places ,things and
events
 WORK WITH A PARTNER . LIST DOWN THE TITLES
OF FIVE FICTIONANL PROSE AND NONFICTIONAL
PROSE FROMS YOU ARE FAMILIAR WITH AND
CLASSIFY EACH ACCORDING TO ITS GENRE.
FICTIONAL PROSE NON FICTIONAL PROSE
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
4. 4.
5 5.
 Unlike prose, poetry consists of language that use aesthetic
and rhythmic qualities . It has strong musical quality in
which the words are highly charged with meaning . It also
use structural elements such as line,length and stanzas.

FORMS OF POETRY

LYRIC POEMS- Are highly musical verses that

express the observations and feelings of a single speaker.
 Sonnet Number 18:"William Shakespeare

Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed
 NARRATIVE POEMS –Are poems that tell a story
 EPICS-Are lng,narrative poems, written in a dignified
style , that celebrate the adventures and achievements
of one or more heroic figures of legend ,history or
religion.

 BALLADS –Are song like poems that tells a story ,often

dealing with adventures and romance .
 FREE VERSE – Is a poetry not written in a regular
rhythmical pattern or meter.
 SONNETS –Are form of rhyming lyric poetry with
fourteen lines that follow an iambic pentameter rhyme
scheme; each line has ten syllables ;and every other
syllable is accented.
 HAIKU-A special type of poetry from Japan , consists
of seventeen syllables arranged in three lines, five
syllables in the first line, seven in the second, and five
in the third.
 The Pink Summer Sphere
By Suh Joon Kim

The chill, worming in

Shock, pleasure, bursting within
Summer tongue awakes

Source: https://www.familyfriendpoems.com/poems/other/haiku/
 Peacefulness
By Paul Holmes

Calm as a river
Tranquility in my heart
Blue summer skies reign.
 Matsuo Basho
Here are three examples of haiku poems from Matsuo Basho (1644-1694), considered the greatest haiku
poet:

1.An old silent pond...

A frog jumps into the pond,
splash! Silence again.

2.Autumn moonlight-
a worm digs silently
into the chestnut.

3.In the twilight rain

these brilliant-hued hibiscus -
A lovely sunset.
 Is a story narrated in a form of dialogue
by performers before an audience. It
include stage plays ,radio plays, and
even movies .
 -ACTORS
 ELEMENTS OF DRAMA; CHARACTER
,CONFLICTSETTING,THEME AND
PLOT.
 COMEDY- IS A TYPE POF DRAMA THAT IS
HUMUROUS AN HAS A HAPPY ENDING.
 TRAGEDY- FORM OF DRMA IN WHICH THE MAIN
CHARACTER , OFTEN A PERSON OF DIGNIFIED OR
HEROIC STATURE ,SUFFERS A DOWNFALL. THE
DOWNFALL MAY RESULT FROM OUTSIDE FORCES
OR TRAGIC FLAW, A WEAKNESS WITHIN THE
CHARACTER.
EX: OEDIPUS REX BY: SOPHOCLES
 MELODRAMA- FORM OF DRAMA THAT IS FULL OF
EXCITING EVENTS AND IN WHICH THE
CHARACTERS AND EMOTIONS ARE SEEM TO BE
TOO EXAGGERATED TO BE REAL.

EX: . A soap opera is an example of a melodrama

 FARCE- IS A FUNNY PLAY FOR THE THEATER BASED

ON A RIDICULOUS AND UNLIKELY SITUATIONS AND
EVENTS.
EX: Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest is a
social drawing room farce.
 HISTORICAL DRAMA-IS PLAY
THAT TAKES PLACE IN THE PAST
AND IS BASED ON REAL LIFE
EVENTS.IN MANY OF THESE
PLAYS , THE CHARACTERS ARE
ALS BASED ON REAL
HISTORICAL FIGURES .
 Literary Texts include short stories,novels,poems
, and dramas ,biographies,autobiographies ,and
essy can also be considered literary texts.

 Informational Texts provide factual information

,Consumer,public ,and work place documents
such as business letters,memos,news articles
,and advertisement are considered as
Informational Texts.
 CONSUMER DOCUMENTS- Are printed materials
that accompany products and services . They usually
provide information about the use,care operation ,and
assembly of the product or service they accompany

EX: APPLICATIONS,CONTRACT WARRANTIES

,MANUALS,INTRUCTIONS
,LABELS,BROCHURES,AND SCHEDULES.
 PUBLIC DOCUMENTS Are documents written
to provide information that is of public interest
or concern. Government documents,speeches
,signs, and rules and regulations are some forms
of public documents.

 WORKPLACE DOCUMENTS- Are materials that

are produced or used within a workplace, their
purpose is to aid in the functionin of business.
 TEXTBOOKS- Are materials used I
school. Their purpose is to educate
people.

 NEWSPAPER ARTICLES – Provide

readers with timely news,opinions,and
advertisements.
 Text features are design elements of a text that indicate its
organizational structure or make its key ideas or
information understandable.

TEXT FEATURES
The title identifies the topic
Headings and subheadings in boldface
and italic type , help a reader see the
organization of a text.
Graphic aids such as sidebars
,maps,illustrations,photographs
,charts,table,diagrams ,and timeline
show information visually instead of
the words.
BULLETED AND NUMBERED lists
show items of equal or decreasing
importance.
Questions may be used to focus the
reader’s understanding of the text.
A caption, or the text that
accompanies a graphic aid ,gives
information that is not necessarily
obvious from the image itself.
Table of contents and Indexes help
a reader locate specific
information.
 Patterns of development or patterns of organization
are specific ways writers organize their writing for a
specific purpose . These are also called text structures
1. CAUSE AND EFFECT ORGANIZATION- Shows
casual relationships between events,ideas,and trends
-Cause –effect relationships may be directly stated or
merely implied by the order in which the information is
presented
- Writers often use the Cause-effect pattern in
historical and scientific writing .
2. COMPARE-AND-CONTRAST
ORGANIZATION –Provides a way to look at
similarities and differences in two or more
subjects
-To compare the important points or
characteristics of two or more subjects

3.PROBLEM-SOLUTION ORDER –Is a pattern

in which a problem is stated and analyzed and
then one or more solutions are proposed and
examined .
4. SEQUENCE- Can be terms of chronological order ,
the order in which events takes place in time ;spatial
order,the order of the objects in space,and order of
importance ,that is, going from the most important to
the least important or the other way around

5.MAIN IDEA AND DETAILS- Is a pattern of

organization in which a central idea about a topic is
supported by details .
-The main idea is the most important idea about a
topic that a particular text or paragraph conveys.
-Supporting Details are words,phrases ,or sentences
that tell more about the main idea in the form of
examples ,facts,statistics ,or quotes.