Routing

Protocols
by:

Vidushi 17115
Urja 17126
Garvita 17105
This is a GNS3 project for the study of the following routing
protocols: RIP, EIGRP, OSPF and BGP. It also has configurations
for DHCP and NAT.
The Network Layer of the OSI Model is responsible for providing logical addressing,
which routers use to select best path for routing packets. There are two types of
packets used at this layer :
1.Data Packets –
The user data is transferred in the inter-network by these data packets. Routed
protocols are those protocols which support such data traffic. Examples of routed
protocols are IPv4, IPv6 and AppleTalk.
2.Route Update Packets –
The information about the networks connected to all the routers is updated to the
neighbouring routers through route update packets. Routing protocols are the ones
that are responsible for sending them. Examples of routing protocols are RIP(Routing
Information Protocol), EIGRP(Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and
OSPF(Open Shortest Path First).
 Items
1.Routers IOSv (Qemu) images: vios-adventerprisek9-m.vmdk.SPA.156-1.T and
vios-adventerprisek9-m.vmdk.SPA.156-2.T

2.Routers C3725 (dynamips) image: c3725-adventerprisek9-mz.124-

15.T14.image Slots: WIC-2T

3.PCs (VPCS)

4.Ehternet Switches (default)

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
● Link State protocol
● 100% loop free
● Fast convergence
● Classless
● Uses cost (bandwidth) as metric
● Sends partial updates only (like EIGRP)
● Administrative distance is 110
EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing
Protocol)
● Hybrid Routing Protocol, it's distance vector but can only have a full overview of the
network, like link state protocols. That's why it's loop free.
● It has fast convergence
● Fully classless
● EIGRP updates contain five metrics: minimum bandwidth, delay, load, reliability, and
maximum transmission unit (MTU).
● To compute best path, by default, only bandwidth and delay are used, instead of
hop
count like RIP
● Load balancing across equal paths
● Backup Route of the main route
● Administrative distance is 90
● Hello packets are sent by neighbors
● Autonomous System Numbers have to match between neighbors
● Keeps 3 tables: neighbor table, topology table, and routing table
RIP (Routing Information
Protocol)
● Distance Vector Protocol
● Periodic Updates
● Loops in complex topologies
● Hop count is metric
● Maximum Hop Count is 15
● Administrative Distance is 120 (used when comparing more than one routing protocol
serving the same destination)
RIPv1 RIPv2
Classful Classless
No VLSM VLSM
No subnet with updates Subnet with updates
Updates through broadcast Updates through Multicast (224.0.0.9)
No authentication Supports authentication
THANK YOU