Non Cooperation

Movement
British Colonial India
British Colonial India
Causes that led to NCM

• The Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919

 Popularly known as Rowlatt Act or Black Act
 Allowed the British to jail protesters without a trial for up to 2
years!
 Allowed certain political cases to be tried without juries
 Power to silence the press
Causes that led to NCM

• Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

 Took place on April 13,1919
 British troops open fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians
gathered in Jallianwala Bagh
 Park had only one exit which was sealed off by soldiers
 General Dyer ordered to fire without warning the crowd
 Several hundreds killed and injured
Causes that led to NCM

• The Khilafat Issue

 Indian Muslims regarded the Ottoman Sultan as their
spiritual leader, i.e., Khalifa
 Britishers removed the Khalifa from power in Turkey after
World War I
 The Muslims were annoyed by this act and wanted to
restore the position of the Sultan
 Gandhiji espoused the Khilafat cause as he saw in at an
opportunity to rally Muslim support for nationalism
Non Cooperation Movement

• First nationwide mass movement of India launched on Aug 1st, 1920 by Gandhi.
• It was a retaliation against the atrocities of Rowlatt Act, Jallianwala Bagh tragedy and the Khilafat
Movement.
• AIM :
 Self governance (Swaraj)
 Independence
How was it Implemented?

• Promotion of Swadeshi business and products

• Boycotting foreign made items
• Surrendering Honorary posts and titles
• Boycotting government-run and state assisted schools

All these strategies were implemented while keeping in mind Gandhi’s philosophy of Non-Violence.
Key personalities

• M K Gandhi
 He announced his doctrine of non-violent Non-Cooperation Movement in March,1920
 He urged the people to adopt Swadeshi principles and habits such as hand spinning
 He suspended the movement due to outburst of violence at Chaura Chauri during Feb, 1922

• C R Das
 He presented the main resolution on Non-Cooperation Movement in the Congress in 1920
 His subordinates and supporters played a major role in uniting the Hindus of various parts

• Jawaharlal Nehru
 He encouraged the formation of the Kisan Sabha to take up the cause of the peasants
 He was against Gandhi's decision to withdraw the movement
Key personalities

• Motilal Nehru
 He renounced his legal practice in response to the Non-Cooperation Movement call
 Many other notable lawyers also gave up their practice which inspired many others

• Shaukat Ali and Muhammed Ali

 They were the foremost Khilafat leaders who vehemently supported Gandhi
 They declared 'it was religiously unlawful for the Muslims to continue in the British Army

• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

 He spread the movement in Gujarat and regarded Non-Cooperation Movement as a
feasible alternative to revolutionary terrorism to fight against a colonial government
Chauri Chaura Incident

• Add your text

Chauri Chaura Incident

• Add your text

Learnings for Managers from NCM

• Proper management and communication till grass root level- message of ahimsa not imbibed by all,
state do’s and don'ts clearly
• Taker of initiative to bring change
• Learn from mistakes- successful in future movements including Quit India and Civil Disobedience
• Discussions with stakeholders instead of focusing only on individual decisions
Learnings for Managers from NCM

• Credibility and leadership of a manager- walk the talk, motivate, inspire- whole nation came together
• Backup plans - sudden stop to a project hurts momentum and morale of people
• Evaluate feasibility of plan – boycotting British products difficult; India not self sufficient to sustain
demand; lack of institutions, expensive swadeshi clothes
• Have a clearly defined objective – intermingling causes confusion and chaos, often ends with fulfilling
neither objective
Conclusion

• The movement marked the transition of Indian nationalism from a middle-class to a mass basis.
• Although a similar type of movement was introduced in 1930, the civil disobedience movement. The
main difference was the introduction of a policy of violating the law.