Osn

MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Principles of the OptiX ASON

(OSN)
Foreword MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
This course is developed according to

the development of the OSN products
in the optical network.
This course aims at introducing the
basic knowledge of the ASON
principles. It gives an overall idea of
the ASON for engineers.
Learning Guide
• This course is based on
the principles of ASON.
• Key points and difficulties
of this course
– Key points: Key functions
of the ASON
– Difficulties: ASON-related
protocols
Objectives MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
• After completing this course, you should understand:

– The background and concepts (for example, control plane,
management plane, service plane, SC, SPC, and PC) of the
ASON, and the difference between an ASON NE and an SDH
NE.
– The ASON-related protocols (LMP OSPF RSVP).
– The ASON architecture.
– The functional modules (for example, routing module, SC
module, signaling module, and LMP module) of the ASON
software.
Contents
• ASON Overview
• ASON Architecture
• Key Functions of the ASON
• Typical ASON Networks and
Applications
Contents
• ASON Overview
– Why we need ASON
– What’s ASON
– What does ASON bring
us
Why the ASON Is Needed

iManager T2100 Network-level
network managemet center
iManager T2000 Subnet-level iManager T2000 Subnet-level

network managemet center network managemet center
DCN
MADM
• The inter-ring services are hard to be scheduled, because the SDH transmission network
inter-ring node becomes the bottleneck of scheduling the services.
• The scalability of SDH network is poor.
• In the SDH/SONET ring structure, the bandwidth and efficiency
are low.
• Real-time management cannot be achieved. Network topology
changes cannot be displayed in the network management system
in real time.
Why We Need ASON
Data
Data Voice
Voice
• With the rapid development of broadband data services and private-line lease
services, the network capacity is increasing and the scheduling pressure is
becoming heavy. As a result, automatic scheduling is required.
• Data service burst requires that the bandwidth be applied automatically and
dynamically. The traditional half-static configuration mode cannot meet the
requirements.
• The carrier requires reducing the OPEX and provides value-added services,
because service increase does not bring proper profits.
Why We Need ASON
 Expansibility of network  Bursting data service

 Rapid service supply  Reduction of operation cost
ASON
 Real-time network
management  Flexible service grooming
What’s ASON
What’s ASON？
Automatically Switched Optical Network

Definition: With the distributed (or partial distributed) control plane
that provides the function of automatically discovering and
dynamically setting up a connection, you can achieve a dynamic,
signaling-based, and policy-driven network based on the OTN or
SDH network.
New features of ASON

Separation between calls and connecting
process
Emerging of automatic resource

discovery mechanism
New features of network survivability

technology
What Are the Solutions MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Provided by the ASON?

• The ASON provides the method of configuring and modifying services quickly and
conveniently. Moreover, it overcomes the difficulties of scheduling inter-ring services,
and removes the bottleneck of scheduling services on an inter-ring node.
• The flexible mesh network improves the service survivability and network scalability.
Therefore, it solves the problem of poor scalability of the traditional network.
• The network resource usage reaches more than 50%. Therefore, it solves the
problems of low bandwidth usage and efficiency in the SDH/SONET ring network.
• Real-time network management solves the problems of failing to manage the
traditional network in real time, and failing to display the network topology changes in
the network management system.
Data service
problems are
solved.
What does the ASON Bring MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Us?
 Advantages of the ASON
The advantages of the ASON lie in the provisioned services and the
economic effects.
• Services
• Ultra-broadband services and
non-standard broadband
services
• Bandwidth-on-demand services The ASON improves the bandwidth
• Virtual ring configuration services usage and the multi-service bearing
and end-to-end circuit
configuration services capability. The carrier is dedicated itself
• Virtual optical network services to the requirements of users and the
 Economic effects: cost and revenue return of investment. Sustained profit is
• Network cost
obtained. Therefore, the ASON deeply
– Investment cost
– Operation/management attracts the network planners.
expenditure
– Opportunity cost
• Network revenue
Questions:
• Question 1: What is the background of ASON?
• Question 2: What is the network type of ASON? What

are the differences between the ASON network and
the SDH network?
• Question 3: What are the problems solved by the

ASON？
• In this part, we have learned:

Summa – Why we need ASON
ry – What’s ASON
– What does ASON bring us
Contents
• ASON Overview
Applications
Contents
–ASON Architecture
–ASON Software
Related Protocols
Three Planes, Three Interfaces

GMPLS
OCC OCC
Control plane NMI-A
OCC OCC
OSPF
OCC
Management
CCI
Plane
Switch Switch
Transport plane NMI-T
Switch Switch
CSPF
Switch
OCC: Optical Connect Control Switch: Switching Equipment

CCI: Connect Control Interface NMI: Network Management Interface
OSPF: Open Shortest Path First CSPF: Constrained Shortest Path First
Three Connections
• SC:
– Switched connection (SC) is a service connection requested by a
terminal user (router, for example) and then created in the ASON
control plane through signaling. Currently, it is not supported.
• PC:
– Permanent connection (PC) is a service connection calculated
beforehand and then created through the NM by issuing a command
to NE.
• SPC:
– Soft permanent connection (SPC) between the user and the
transmission network is configured directly by the NM. However, the
connection within the transmission network is requested by the NM
and then created by the NE’s control plane through signaling.
Three Connections -- SC
Control plane
Setup
Connection Setup Setup request Connection
request request request request
UNI UNI
Connection Connection
end end
NE NE NE
A B
Transport plane
SC
Three Connections -- PC
Management plane
Allocation Allocation Allocation

request request request
Connection
Connection end
end
NE NE NE
A B
Transport plane
PC
Three Connections -- SPC

Management plane
Connection
request
Control plane
Setup Setup
request request
Connection Connection
end end
NE NE NE
A B
Transport plane
PC SC PC
SPC
ASON Solution
Distributed ASON system Centralized ASON system
ASON software
NMS NMS
ASON software ASON software
A D
A D
E
E
ASON software
C
B C
B
ASON software ASON software

Architecture of ASON NE
NMS
Signaling Protocol Routing Protocol

(RSVP-TE) (OSPF-TE)
Link Management Protocol (LMP)
Communication and control

unit of NE
Control Link
Control Link
Management Link
Management Link Line Cross-Connect Unit Line
Interface Interface Transport Link
Transport Link
The NE with ASON function, which is based on the traditional network

elements, has transplanted the intelligent software module.
Contents
–ASON Architecture
–ASON Software Related
Protocols
Contents
• ASON Software Related
Protocols
–ASON Standard
Organizations
–ASON Protocols
ASON Standard Organizations

Mainly focus on publishing
Implementation Agreements,
Inter-operability Demonstration:
UNI-1.0, UNI-2.0, E-NNI.
GMPLS protocol, and Focus on requirements

finished RSVP-TE, CR- and architecture, draw up
LDP, LMP, OSPF-TE, IS- ASON/ASTN.
IS.
ITU-T ASON Framework

G.807 General requirement
G.8080 Network framework
G.7712 G.7713 G.7714 G.7715 G.7716 G.7717
DCN Call connection Automatic Routing Link management Connection probative

management discovery control
G.7713.1 G.7713.2 G.7713.3 G.7714.1
PNNI GMPLS GMPLS Automatic discovery protocol

RSVP-TE CR-LDP base on SDH/OTN
IETF GMPLS Framework

RFC 3471 (GMPLS) RFC3472 (GMPLS)
Signaling Signaling Functional (CR-LDP) Extensions
Description
RFC3473 (GMPLS)
Draft-IETF-CCAMP-LMP
(RSVP-TE) Extensions
Link management
Draft-IETF-CCAMP-
Draft-IETF-CCAMP- LMP-WDM
GMPLS-Architecture
GMPLS Framework Draft-IETF-CCAMP-

GMPLS-Routing
Routing
Draft-IETF-CCAMP- Draft-IETF-CCAMP-
OSPF-GMPLS- GMPLS-SONET-SDH
Extensions
Draft-IETF-CCAMP-
SDH/SONET Support Draft-IETF-CCAMP-
GMPLS-SONET-SDH-
SDH/SONET-Control
Extensions
OIF Framework
UNI Requirement ENNI Requirement
OIF2000.155 OIF2002.229
OIF2000.125.07 OIF2003.179 OIF2002.378
UNI 1.0 ENNI 1.0 signaling regulation ENNI 1.0 layer

routing
OIF2003.248
UNI 1.0T2
OIF2003.293 OIF2002.023 OIF2002.163
Base on OSPF
UNI 2.0 Base on ISIS
layer routing
layer routing
(DDRP)
• Huawei participated in the interconnect test of UNI 1.0 from OIF organization.
• Huawei is participating in the research for cross-domain multi-layer routing.
Huawei’s Network Based on ASON MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
E-NNI
UN
I
carry 1 carry 2 carry 3 UNI
UNI signalling: RSVP-TE

Internal Data External Data
Link Link
Between carries:
E-NNI protocol: RSVP-TE E-NNI
E-NNI routing: BGP
Domain2
Domain1
Inside Domain Between Domains

I-NNI signalling: RSVP-TE E-NNI signalling: RSVP-TE
I-NNI routing: OSPF-TE E-NNI routing: DDRP
ASON Protocols
• GMPLS: In a broad sense, the multi-service label switching protocol
provides the functions of setting up, deleting and querying a
connection, synchronization and restoration, rerouting protection.
Moreover, it provides the service related functions.
OSPF-TE (routing):
Flood and gather topology for calculating service
path
RSVP-TE (signaling):
Establish and then maintain the service path
LMP (link management):
Discover the neighbors and links
Relation Among the ASON Related
Protocols
Routing protocols (OSPF,CSPF) Signaling protocol (RSVP-TE)
Request for
service path
Flood, collect and compute computation
Automatically set up, delete
the routing resources and maintain fibers
Service link Error Control link

information locating information
information
Link management protocol (LMP)
Neighbor discovery, error locating,

and link resource management
LMP
 LMP is a protocol used between ---- nodes.

 LMP manages the fiber connections between neighbor
nodes.
 LMP implements link resource discovery and management
function.
 Control Channel Management
 Data Link Connectivity Verification
 TE Link Parameter Correlation
Three links
• Control link
– A control link is automatically discovered and maintained by the open shortest
path first (OSPF). Each ASON NE floods its control links to the entire network.
In this case, each NE can get the information about the control links in the
entire network. Therefore, each NE can get the topology of the global control
plane.
• Data link
– Data links are classified into working links, protected links, and unprotected
links. The network management system does not present the concept of data
link. A member like displayed in the network management system is a data
link.
• TE link
– TE link stands for traffic engineering link. An ASON NE uses the TE link to
transmit its information (for example, bandwidth) to other ASON NEs in the
network. thus providing data for route computation. A fiber may contain
multiple TE links.
The LMP protocol describes the discovery and
management of control channels.
Node A Node B
Config
Config
Config
ConfigAck/ConfigNack
 A control channel transmits information through in-band (for example, through bytes
D4-D12) mode or through out-band (for example, through Ethernet) mode.
 The discovery and management functions of control channels are implemented by
exchanging the Config messages and executing the keep-alive mechanism (by the
Hello protocol).
Connectivity check of a data link between adjacent nodes can be

conducted only after an available control channel is set up.
The LMP protocol describes the
connectivity check of data links.
• Check preparation:
– After transmitting the BeginVerify message, Begin Verify
node A successfully receives the
BeginVerifyAck message.
Begin VerifyAck
• Check process: Test
– Node A periodically transmits the Test
message over the data link till it receives the TestStatusSuccess
teststatussuccess or teststatufailure
message over the control channel. TestStatusAck
• Check end: ... Check each
– After transmitting the Endverify message, data link.
node A waits for the EndVerifyAck message, End Verify
and has received it. Alternatively, node A
times out to receive the EndVerifyACK End VerifyAck
message. In this case, the check process
ends. Node A Node B
After successfully checking the connectivity of data links, you can check
the consistency of TE link attributes.
The LMP protocol describes the
consistency check of TE link attributes.
Node A Node B
LinkSummary
LinkSummary
LinkSummary
LinkSummary/Ack/Nack
 The consistency check function is used to check whether the interface mapping relation dynamically
discovered or manually configured is consistent between two nodes.
 If the interface mapping relation is consistent, the TE link changes to the UP status. In this case, the
ASON routing module is informed that the TE link can be used to create an ASON service.
As the source of the TE LSA at the service plane on the routing module,
a TE link is the prerequisite of creating the topology at the service plane.
OSPF-TE
 Collecting and distributing network link information to

generate the route Information of transport plane and
control plane
 Flooding and gathering topology for calculating service

path
OSPF-TE--Working MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Mechanism
NodeID4
NodeID1 NodeID6
Hello message
(Include Local Node ID)
NodeID5
LSA message
NodeID2
NodeID3
• In-band control link D4-D12 or Out-band

DCN
RSVP-TE
 RSVP-TE is RSVP with traffic engineering extensions.
 The functions of RSVP:

 LSP establishment
 LSP deletion
 LSP attribute modification
 LSP rerouting
 LSP path optimization

RSVP－LSP Establishment
Node A Node B Node C

Path message
Ack message Upward-Link
Path message
Ack message
Resv message
Ack message Downward-Link
Resv message
Ack message
Path message
Opening Alarm Monitoring
Ack message
Path message
Ack message
RSVP－LSP Deletion
Node A Node B Node C

Path message
Ack message
Path message
closing Alarm Monitoring
Ack message
PathErr message
Ack message
PathErr message
LSP deletion
Ack message
Questions:
• Question 1: What are the standard organizations
involved in ASON? What are the contributions made by
each organization for ASON?
• Question 2: What are the three key protocols involved in

ASON? What are the functions provided in each protocol?

Summar
– ASON Architecture
y – ASON Related Protocols and Their
Working Process
Contents
• ASON Overview
Applications
Protection and Restoration MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
• Protection:
– The protection function refers to protection switching here. Protection
switching means that some network resources are particularly reserved for
service protection before a fault occurs. After a fault occurs, the service traffic
is switched from the faulty path to the protection path.
• Restoration:
– The restoration function refers to rerouting here. Rerouting is a method for
restoring a service. When an LSP is interrupted, the ingress node of the LSP
queries the optimal LSP route to restore a service. The signaling is
transmitted to the download nodes◆ hop by hop to request for reserving
resources and setting up a cross-connection. The egress node returns
signaling to the upstream nodes hop by hop. Finally, a new LSP is set up.
Differences:
◆ For the protection function, the services are restored
rapidly, and the protection resources need to be
reserved. The resources are of low usage.
◆ For the restoration function, the services are restored
slowly, but the network resources are of high usage.
If no idle resources exist in the network, the services
cannot be restored.
Protection and Restoration

SNCP
 Protection types
supported in ASON
services MSP (1+1 linear MSP access, two-fiber MSP ring,
four-fiber MSP ring)
• Rerouting
Concept: Rerouting is a key feature of a service. When a bottom-
layer transmission path fails, the service is interrupted. Then a
request for re-setting up a route is transmitted to the control plane.
After receiving the request, the control plane queries another route
and allocates resources to set up a new route. After a route is set
up successfully, the old route is deleted from the ingress node.
Rerouting
• Trigger Conditions
– Section-layer alarms: R_LOS, R_LOF, MS_AIS, MS_RDI,
B2_SD and B2_OVER
– Path alarm: AU_AIS
– MSP switching failure
Analysis needs to be conducted according to the services of
different levels.
• Lock-related concepts
– Rerouting lock: Sometimes, the services do not need to be
rerouted in the case of LSP failure. In this case, you need to
set the rerouting lock function. After the rerouting function is
locked, a service is not rerouted if the LSP fails.
• Rerouting Priority
– Options are: High, low.
Five Types of SLA Services MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
• The ASON can provide services of different SLAs based on the
requirements of the customers. SLA stands for Service Level Agreement. It
divides the services into multiple levels in view of service protection.
Diamond Level Golden Level Silver Level Copper Level Iron Level
Service level
Protection/resto Protection and Protection and Restoration No-protection, Can be contended
ration policy Restoration Restoration no-restoration
Technology SNCP MSP Rerouting － MSP
Permanent The path is After the route is

protection is The event is computed in real contended, the
Technical provided if the protection in most time. The service is
presentation network cases, but is protection path － interrupted. After
bandwidth is restoration does not need to the route is
available. sometimes. be set in advance. released, the
service is restored.
Service protection
Performance Service protection switching time: < Service
index switching time: < 50 ms. Service restoration time: －－
50 ms restoration time: < < 2s
2s
Bandwidth Low Middle High Very high Very high
usage
Charging rate Very high High Middle Low
Banking, security, Ordinary

and dedicated customers, IP Temporary
Applicable lines of key PSTN and GSM data service service Temporary service
service government voice services private line, requirements requirements
departments. Internet access
service at cells.
Five Types of SLA Services --
Diamond Level Service
T2000 network
management
system
Working path
ASON NE User Protection path
equipment
Gold Level Service
T2000 NMS
Less
than
50 ms VR MSP
ASON NE
• The protection function is enabled if a fault occurs on

the same virtual ring. User equipment
• The restoration function is enabled if two or more faults

occur on the same virtual ring.
Silver Level Service
T2000 NMS
ASON NE
• Rerouting protection. The protection path is computed in real time. User equipment
The switching time is from several hundreds of ms to a few seconds.
• Revertive rerouting ensures that the silver service returns to the
initially planned optimal path after the network is restored.
Copper Level Service
T2000 NMS
ASON NE
User equipment
Iron Level Service
T2000 NMS
Less than
50 ms
VR MSP
Gold level service

User
ASON NE equipment Iron level service
Tunneling Service (ASON MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Service Circuit)
R1
R4
E
D I
A C F
R2
B H
G
R3 ASON NE
• The VC4 tunnel is used to carry the VC-12 service. Therefore, the
VC-12 service can be configured in the ASON network.
• When the VC-4 tunnel fails, the protection and restoration functions User equipment
of the tunnel are enabled to protect and restore the VC-12 service.
• When the tunneling service is switched for protection, the ASON
software switches the tunnel, and the NE software switches the
services at the two ends of the tunnel.
Tunneling Service
First node Middle node Middle node End node
Add/drop low-order cross- High order cross-

service port connection connection
Services Association
T2000 NMS
Protection against node failure
Associated
services
ASON NE
User equipment
• Provide the maximum protection for the services at the

access side. The services can be protected if the service
access node is powered off or down.
SRLG
• SRLG stands for Shared Risk Link Group. Generally, a
fiber in the same cable shares the same risk. That is,
if a cable is cut, all the fibers in the cable are cut. An
ASON service is not rerouted to the link that has the
same risk. Therefore, you need to correctly set the
SRLG for the link that has the same risk to ensure
that the two LSPs of the diamond service are not in
the same cable. Alternatively, the LSP of the rerouted
ASON service is not the link that has the same risk
with the faulty link.
Network Traffic Equilibrium

• The CSPF algorithm is used to compute the optimal route in the ASON
network. When multiple LSPs exist between two nodes, possibly, several
LSPs share the same route. This problem is avoided by the network
traffic equilibrium function.
R1
E R4
D
I
C F
B H R3
G
R2
Resource Reservation
• For an ASON NE, the NE software and ASON software respectively
manages its own timeslots. The ASON software manages the
timeslots in which ASON services are created. These timeslots
cannot be used for the NE software to create SDH services.
Concept:
Resource reservation means that commands are used to
reserve all or partial timeslots for the NE software to create SDH
services. Before being unreserved, these ASON software
cannot be used.
Service Path Optimization

T2000 NMS
The service
is optimized.
ASON NE
Link of which the capacity is expanded
• Online service optimization and adjustment: The carrier can

optimize the network topology, operate and maintain the User equipment
service conveniently.
• Smoothly change the service path. You can optimize the
service paths without interrupting the services.
Service Path Restoration

• Function Description
– When fibers are cut and restored for many times, the current service path may be
different from the original one. In this case, the service path restoration function can
be implemented to restore all or some of the services to the original paths.
– A service path can be saved as an original path at any time according to
requirements.
– Currently, a path can be restored at the fiber level only. Therefore, a path at the
timeslot level cannot be restored.
• Implementation Principle
– The original service paths are stored in the ASON software. When you click the
Global Service Restoration button, the network management system delivers the
service indexes to the ASON module one by one. Then the ASON software takes an
original path as the specified path to optimize the services one by one.
• Restoration Mode
– Revertive mode: After being rerouted, a service returns to the original route after
some wait-for-restoration time if the original route is normal.
– Non-revertive mode: After being rerouted, a service does not return to the original
route no matter the working route is normal or not.
– Networkwide service path restoration: Press to restore the service path.
Migration from PC to SPC

T2000 NMS
ASON NE
Not ASON NE
PC SPC signaling
• Implement the smooth conversion between traditional allocation services and ASON services
to provide smooth evolution from SDH network to ASON network.
• The network structure does not need to be changed. The services are implemented without
impact. MSP service <-> Golden service, SNCP <-> Diamond service, Non-protected service
<-> Golden service/Silver service/Copper service
Flexible Routing Policy

Select the minimum
number of nodes
T2000 NMS 500 km

1000 km
64 VC4s available 32 VC4s available
1500km 1500 km
4 VC4s available 8 VC4s available 1000 km
1000 km 8 VC4s available
64 VC4s available
1000km 1000 km ASON NE

8VC4s available 8 VC4s available
User equipment
10G link 2.5G link
• You can adjust the weight of the three routing policy parameters
(minimum number of nodes, fiber distance, and available traffic
bandwidth in the link) as required to obtain the optimal and
expected path.
Concept Review
Protection and
Diamond level service
restoration
Gold level service
Five types of
SLA services Silver level service
Copper level service
Iron level service

Concept Review
Tunneling service Services Association SRLG
Network traffic balancing Optimize the Service Path Service Path Restoration
Migration from PC to SPC Flexible Routing Policy
Resource reservation
Questions:
• Question 1: What are the differences
between protection and restoration?
• Question 2: What are the services

provided in the ASON network?
• Question 3: What do you need to do if

lower-order services are transmitted in the
ASON network?
Summar • In this part, we have learned:
y – Rich SLA functions

– ASON-related concepts
Contents
• ASON Overview
• Key Functions of the
ASON
• Typical ASON Networks
and Applications
National Trunk of TELEMAR in Brazil MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
RORAIMA
AMAPA
AMAZONAS
PARA RIO GRANDE
MARANHAO CEARA DO NORTE
★
PIAUI
PERNAMBUCO
PARAIBA
ACRE
RONDONIA
TOCANTINS
★ BAHIA
★
ALAGOAS
SERGIPE
• Telemar is the largest telecom carrier in MATO GROSSO
DISTRITO
Latin America. To solve the problems of
★
FEDERAL
network security, Telemar purchases the GOIAS
MINAS GERAIS
ASON equipment from Huawei. MATO GROSSO
• The OptiX OSN 9500 of Huawei, which is

DO SUL
ESP. SANTO
based on the ASON network, covers the ★

SÃO PAULO
RIO DE JANEIRO
top-7 important cities in Brazil to form a PARANA
flexible mesh network, thus improving the ★ ★

reliability and flexible scheduling of the RIO GRANDE
DO SUL
SANTA CATARINA
★
entire network.
Although the national optical cable trunk has been disconnected

for seven times in Brazil, the services are not affected.
BHE SGI
5
3
4
6
SPO SDR FLA
1
7
RIO RCE
The original path of the services is BHE-SDR-SGI-RCE.

Provincial Trunk of China Telecom Hainan Branch: Full Mesh Network
Consisting of 21 Nodes MobileComm Professionals, Inc.
Hub
Haifu
Lingao
Deng
mai
Wenchang
Danzhou
Anding
Changjiang Qionghai
Tunchang
Baisha
Dongfang Qiongz
hong
Ledong Wuzhis
han
Wanning
Baoting Full mesh, strong survivability upon failure of


9500 multiple nodes, high network security

Chongpo  Multiple types of service protection (for
3500 example, protection + restoration) improves
10G connection Lingshui the bandwidth usage.
Sanya
10G Ring Network Diagram
for the Provincial Trunk of

Hub Haifu
China Telecom Hainan
Dengmai
Branch
Wenchang
Lingao
Tunchang Anding
Qionghai
Danzhou Qiongzhong
Ledong Tongshi
Wanning
Baisha
Two 10G ring networks and
Baoting four 10G optical interfaces
Changjiang Lingshui are provided in Sanya and
Haikou. The maximum
Dongfang number of transmitted
Chongpo
services is 4×5G = 20G
Sanya
=126VC4s.
10G Ring Network Analysis of the Provincial Trunk of China
Telecom Hainan Branch
• For the traditional ring network scheme, bottlenecks exist on the

kernel nodes: Sanya and Haikou.
– At the early stage, no problems occur in the 155M service. For
the GE services in the future, 10 VC4s cannot meet the
requirements. The total bandwidth of the 155M and GE
services is 136 VC4s at the two egress interfaces. At most
2x64=126 VC4s can be provided for the current configuration
of the two 10G rings. Therefore, about 10 VC4 services
cannot be satisfied in the current 10G ring network.
• In the ASON network, you do not need to reserve 50% bandwidth
in each direction. In the four optical directions, 10x3/4x4 =30G =
192VC4s can be transmitted.
Questions:
• Question 1: What are the most important
advantages of the ASON network for the
services according to the case analysis?
• Question 2: What are the structure

differences between the ASON network
and the SDH network?
Summa – ASON Network Applications and

Analysis
ry – National Trunk of TELEMAR in Brazil
– Provincial Trunk of China Telecom
Hainan Branch
Summari • In this course, we have learned:
ze – ASON Overview
– ASON Architecture
– Key functions of the ASON
– Typical ASON Networks and Applications
Glossary
• ASON: Automatically Switched Optical
Network
• OSPF: Open Shortest Path First
• CSPF: Constrained Shortest Path First
• LMP: Link Management Protocol
• RSVP-TE: Resource Reserved Protocol-

Traffic Engineering
Glossary
• UNI/NNI: User-Network Interface/Network-

Network Interface
• BGP: Border Gateway Protocol
• DDRP: Domain-Domain Route Protocol
• SLA: Service Level Agreement
• LSA: Label Status Advertisement
• LSP: Label Switching Path

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Principles of the OptiX ASON

This course is developed according to

• After completing this course, you should understand:

Why the ASON Is Needed

iManager T2000 Subnet-level iManager T2000 Subnet-level

Why We Need ASON

Why We Need ASON

 Expansibility of network  Bursting data service

Automatically Switched Optical Network

New features of ASON

Emerging of automatic resource

New features of network survivability

Provided by the ASON?

• Question 2: What is the network type of ASON? What

• Question 3: What are the problems solved by the

• In this part, we have learned:

Three Planes, Three Interfaces

OCC: Optical Connect Control Switch: Switching Equipment

Allocation Allocation Allocation

Three Connections -- SPC

ASON software ASON software

Signaling Protocol Routing Protocol

Communication and control

The NE with ASON function, which is based on the traditional network

ASON Standard Organizations

GMPLS protocol, and Focus on requirements

ITU-T ASON Framework

G.8080 Network framework

G.7712 G.7713 G.7714 G.7715 G.7716 G.7717

DCN Call connection Automatic Routing Link management Connection probative

G.7713.1 G.7713.2 G.7713.3 G.7714.1

PNNI GMPLS GMPLS Automatic discovery protocol

IETF GMPLS Framework

GMPLS Framework Draft-IETF-CCAMP-

OIF2000.125.07 OIF2003.179 OIF2002.378

UNI 1.0 ENNI 1.0 signaling regulation ENNI 1.0 layer

OIF2003.293 OIF2002.023 OIF2002.163

carry 1 carry 2 carry 3 UNI

UNI signalling: RSVP-TE

Inside Domain Between Domains

Service link Error Control link

Neighbor discovery, error locating,

 LMP is a protocol used between ---- nodes.

Connectivity check of a data link between adjacent nodes can be

 Collecting and distributing network link information to

 Flooding and gathering topology for calculating service

• In-band control link D4-D12 or Out-band

 The functions of RSVP:

 LSP attribute modification

 LSP path optimization

Node A Node B Node C

Node A Node B Node C

• Question 2: What are the three key protocols involved in

• In this part, we have learned:

Protection and Restoration

Permanent The path is After the route is

Banking, security, Ordinary

• The protection function is enabled if a fault occurs on

• The restoration function is enabled if two or more faults

Gold level service

Add/drop low-order cross- High order cross-

Protection against node failure

• Provide the maximum protection for the services at the