Energy Transformations in Living Organisms:

Cellular Respiration

Biology Rei Karlo A. Ramos

Science Department
Deerfield High School Subject Teacher
 Cellular Respiration

 Cellular respiration is the process by which

glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down to
release energy for making ATP, another
form of chemical energy.

Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School
 Aerobic Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 36 ATP

food oxygen water carbon

(glucose, a carbohydrate) dioxide

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Science Department
Deerfield High School
 RedOx Reaction

Equation for respiration

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Science Department
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 BioTheme: Interdependence!

Photosynthesis:
6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy (sun) → C6H12O6 + 6 O2

Aerobic Cellular Respiration:

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 H2O + 6 CO2 + energy (ATP)

Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School
 What is ATP?

 ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

 cellular “currency” for life (energy currency of the cell)
 Organic molecule containing high phosphate bond

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Science Department
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Chemical Structure of ATP
 Steps of Cellular Respiration
1. glycolysis

Coenzyme Junction

2. Citric acid cycle

3. ETC

Chemiosmosis

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 1. Glycolysis

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 Coenzyme Junction

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 2. Citric acid cycle

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 3. Electron Transport Chain

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 3. ETC and Chemiosmosis

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Biology
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 Summary of Cellular Respiration

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 Cellular Respiration (anaerobic)

 What happens when cells don’t have enough oxygen?

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 Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

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Science Department
Deerfield High School
 Cellular Respiration (anaerobic)

 Anaerobic respiration is also called

fermentation, or the process by which
energy is released from glucose when
oxygen is NOT available.
 This process allows organisms to continue
to produce energy until oxygen is available.
 However, this process only releases 2 ATP
per molecule of glucose.
Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School
 Alcoholic Fermentation

 Anaerobic way of converting energy for

yeast and other microorganisms
 Glucose broken down to produce alcohol,
CO2 and energy (ATP)
 C6H12O6  ethanol + CO2 + 2 ATP
 EX: baking bread with yeast
fermenting wine & beer

Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School
 1. Alcoholic
fermentation

• pyruvate
converted to
acetaldehyde

• acetaldehyde
accepts e-

• ethanol
produced

Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School
 Lactic Acid Fermentation

 Anaerobic way of converting energy in

animal cells and some microorganisms
 Glucose broken down to produce lactic
acid, CO2 and energy (ATP)
 C6H12O6  lactic acid + CO2 + 2 ATP
 EX: muscle cells during strenuous exercise
fermenting cheese, yogurt, sour cream

Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School
 2. Lactic acid Fermentation

• pyruvate
accepts e-

• lactate
produced

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Science Department
Deerfield High School
Biology
Science Department
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 Self Check

Step of Inputs Outputs ATP

Respiration produced

Glycolysis

Coenzyme 2 pyruvate 2 Acetyl CoA 0

Junction
2 NADH
Citric Acid Cycle 2 Acetyl 6 NADH 2 ATP
CoA 2 FADH2
6 NADH 32-34
Electron
2 FAD ATP
Transport Chain

Biology
Science Department
Deerfield High School