Democratic Practices of

Underdeveloped, Developing,
and Developed Countries
U nderdeveloped Countries

1. Institutionally weak
- its political parties are
internally divided,
unable to articulate
interests clearly, or
mobilize a significant
mass base.
U nderdeveloped Countries

2. Mostly dominated by
‘big men’
- these are leaders who
has the power to amend
laws in order to extend
their length of office.
Through hosting rubber-
stamp elections and
repressing
opposition/civil society.
U nderdeveloped Countries

3. The passing of power is

violent
- in some cases the violence
is initiated by incumbent
leaders who feel
threatened by opponents
and incite protests, further
destabilizing their
countries.
U nderdeveloped Countries

4. Clientelism
- giving material goods in
return for electoral support.
U nderdeveloped Countries

5. State repression
- State repression includes
harassment,
surveillance/spying, bans,
arrests, torture, and mass
killing by government
agents and/or affiliates
within their territorial
jurisdiction.
D eveloping Countries

1. Granting people
freedom
- freedom that permits people
expressions, association,
faith and political
affiliation.
D eveloping Countries

2. Free and fair election

- “free” means that all those
entitled to vote have the
right to be registered and
to vote and must be free to
make their choice.
- ‘fair’ is one in which all
voters have an equal
opportunity to register,
where all votes are
counted, and where the
announced results reflect
D eveloping Countries

3. Independence in
judiciary
-  courts should not be subject
to improper influence from
the other branches of
government, or from
private or partisan
interests.
D eveloping Countries

4. Widespread corruption
- dishonest behavior by those
in positions of power, such
as managers or government
officials. It includes giving or
accepting bribes or
inappropriate gifts, double
dealing, under-the-table
transactions, manipulating
elections, diverting funds,
laundering money and
defrauding investors.
D eveloping Countries

5. Cronyism
- the appointment of
friends and associates to
positions of authority,
without proper regard to
their qualifications.
D eveloped Countries

1. Religious freedom
- principle that supports the
freedom of an individual
or community, in public
or private, to manifest
religion or belief in
teaching,
practice, worship, and
observance
D eveloped Countries

2. Impartial judiciary
- principle that
a judge's decisions may
not be based on bias,
prejudice, or preference.
D eveloped Countries

3. Honest multi-party
elections
- multiple political parties
across the political
spectrum run for national
election, and all have the
capacity to gain control
of government offices,
separately or in coalition.
D eveloped Countries

3. Free speech
-  right to articulate one's
opinions and ideas
without fear of
government retaliation
or censorship, or
societal sanction.
D eveloped Countries

4. Free media
- the media is free from
government
interference in creating
news and writing
stories.
D eveloped Countries

5. Civilian authority
over military
- ultimate responsibility for
a country’s strategic
decision-making in the
hands of the civilian
political leadership
rather than
professional military
officers.
D eveloped Countries

6. Civic engagement
- working to make a
difference in the civic
life of our communities
and developing the
combination of
knowledge, skills,
values and motivation
to make that difference.
D eveloped Countries

7. Government
transparency, and
accountability
- being responsible to
the people for actions
taken; about being able
to explain, clarify and
justify actions.
D eveloped Countries

7. Government
transparency, and
accountability
- being responsible to the
people for actions
taken; about being able
to explain, clarify and
justify actions.