 It is a device used on electric power systems to

protect the insulation and conductors of the

system from the damaging effects of lightning.
 The typical lightning arrester has a high
voltage terminal and a ground terminal.
 When a lightning surge (or switching surge, which
is very similar) travels along the power line to the
arrester, the current from the surge is diverted
through the arrester, in most cases to earth.
 It is a transformer used in power systems to step
down extra high voltage signals and provide a low
voltage signal, for metering or operating
a protective relay.
 The device has at least four terminals: a terminal
for connection to the high voltage signal, a ground
terminal, and two secondary terminals which
connect to the instrumentation or protective relay.
 The CVT is installed at a point after lightning
arrester and before wave trap.
 The CVT is also useful in communication systems.
 It is a maintenance-free parallel resonant circuit,
mounted inline on high-voltage
(HV) AC transmission power lines to prevent the
transmission of high frequency (40 kHz to
1000 kHz) carrier signals of power line
communication to unwanted destinations.
 A wave trap is also called a line trap .
 The line trap acts as a barrier or filter to prevent
signal losses.
 The impedance of a line trap is very low at the
power frequency and will not cause any significant
voltage drop.
 Current transformers (CT) are a series connected type
of instrument transformer.
 They are designed to present negligible load to the
supply being measured and have an accurate current
ratio and phase relationship to enable accurate
secondary connected metering.
 Current transformers are often constructed by passing
a single primary turn through a well-
insulated toroidal core wrapped with many turns of
wire.
 This affords easy implementation on high voltage
bushings of grid transformers and other devices by
installing the secondary turn core inside high-voltage
bushing insulators and using the pass-through
conductor as a single turn primary.
 Very large currents can be measured through
current transformer.
 Several measuring instruments can be operated
from a single Current transformer.
 They can also indicate power factor, frequency
etc. of a power system.
 The ammeter is connected in the secondary
winding. In this way, the measuring current is
isolated from the power circuit which is very
important point in high voltage system.
 They are a parallel connected type of
instrument transformer.
 Potential transformer is a voltage step-down
transformer which reduces the voltage of a
high voltage circuit to a lower level for the
purpose of measurement.
 These are connected across or parallel to the
line which is to be monitored.
 They are designed to present negligible load
to the supply being measured and have an
accurate voltage ratio and phase relationship
to enable accurate secondary connected
metering.
 It is very useful in stepping up or down the voltage,
thereby making transmission of power easier and
cheaper.
 Static device except OLTC making its life long.
 Efficiency more than 99%.
 Electrical isolator which is commonly known
as isolator or disconnector is a piece of
equipment that is used in electric devices and
power systems with the main function of effectively
isolating two different parts of an instrument.
 The main purpose of an isolator is safety.
 Isolators separate a certain circuit from the
electricity mains and discharge any residual
current, left in the circuit, to the ground.
 Isolators also ensure safety of workers in regular
maintenance and service of the power system.
 A circuit breaker in which SF6 under pressure gas is
used to extinguish the arc.
 SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride) gas has excellent dielectric,
arc quenching, chemical and other physical properties
which have proved its superiority over other arc
quenching mediums such as oil or air.
 SF6 gas is strongly electronegative, which means the
free electrons are easily removed from discharge by
the formation of negative ions.
 Its dielectric strength is 2.5 times than that of air and
30% less than that of the dielectric oil. At high pressure
the dielectric strength of the gas increases.
 A Capacitor Bank is a group of several capacitors
of the same rating that are connected in series or
parallel with each other to store electrical energy .
 They can also be used in a direct current (DC)
power supply to increase the ripple current
capacity of the power supply or to increase the
overall amount of stored energy.
 The most common use of a capacitor bank for AC
power supply error correction is in industrial
environments which use a large number of
transformers and electric motors.